Hydrogen detection near surfaces and shallow interfaces with resonant nuclear reaction analysis

Wilde, Markus; Fukutani, Katsuyuki

doi:10.1016/j.surfrep.2014.08.002

Cited by 133 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 721 publications

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“…This implies that by scanning the beam, different depths can be accessed, and the total reaction cross section can be measured to yield concentration information. A detailed review of the technique is given by Wilde and Fukutani [232], where the primary limitations of the method are the achievable resolution within the crystal, and the sensitivity of the method. To the authors' knowledge, there is little direct observation of hydrogen at features such as dislocations and grain boundaries, which makes understanding the role of hydrogen more complex.…”

Section: Experimental Techniques To Detect Hydrogen In Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and mitigating hydrogen embrittlement of steels: a review of experimental, modelling and design progress from atomistic to continuum

et al. 2018

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Hydrogen embrittlement is a complex phenomenon, involving several lengthand timescales, that affects a large class of metals. It can significantly reduce the ductility and load-bearing capacity and cause cracking and catastrophic brittle failures at stresses below the yield stress of susceptible materials. Despite a large research effort in attempting to understand the mechanisms of failure and in developing potential mitigating solutions, hydrogen embrittlement mechanisms are still not completely understood. There are controversial opinions in the literature regarding the underlying mechanisms and related experimental evidence supporting each of these theories. The aim of this paper is to provide a detailed review up to the current state of the art on the effect of hydrogen on the degradation of metals, with a particular focus on steels. Here, we describe the effect of hydrogen in steels from the atomistic to the continuum scale by reporting theoretical evidence supported by quantum calculation and modern experimental characterisation methods, macroscopic effects that influence the mechanical properties of steels and established damaging mechanisms for the embrittlement of steels. Furthermore, we give an insight into current approaches and new mitigation strategies used to design new steels resistant to hydrogen embrittlement.

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Section: Experimental Techniques To Detect Hydrogen In Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and mitigating hydrogen embrittlement of steels: a review of experimental, modelling and design progress from atomistic to continuum

et al. 2018

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“…Accumulation of hydrogen inside the a-SiO 2 layer has been revealed by a variety of methods (see Ref. [20] and references therein), firmly supporting this conjecture and indicating passivation of the broken bonds by hydrogen [20,21] as well as enhanced mobility of O atoms in the network [22,23]. Although the Si-O bond rupture was initially correlated to the presence of protonic species [24,25] formed by hole trapping [26] or by hydrogen ionization at the Si/SiO 2 interface [27], the involvement of H 0 must be considered as well since atomic hydrogen is by far more abundant than protons in processed a-SiO 2 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the Si-O bond rupture was initially correlated to the presence of protonic species [24,25] formed by hole trapping [26] or by hydrogen ionization at the Si/SiO 2 interface [27], the involvement of H 0 must be considered as well since atomic hydrogen is by far more abundant than protons in processed a-SiO 2 . For example, a-SiO 2 layers are inevitably exposed to H 0 during processing of microelectronic devices in H-containing environments ranging from the annealing, deposition, and patterning to electrical stressing and irradiation [20].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen-Induced Rupture of Strained Si─O Bonds in Amorphous Silicon Dioxide

et al. 2015

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Using ab initio modeling we demonstrate that H atoms can break strained Si-O bonds in continuous amorphous silicon dioxide (a-SiO2) networks, resulting in a new defect consisting of a 3-coordinated Si atom with an unpaired electron facing a hydroxyl group, adding to the density of dangling bond defects, such as E centers. The energy barriers to form this defect from interstitial H atoms range between 0.5 and 1.3 eV. This discovery of unexpected reactivity of atomic hydrogen may have significant implications for our understanding of processes in silica glass and nano-scaled silica, e.g., in porous low-permittivity insulators, and strained variants of a-SiO2.

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“…be converted to the depth scale using the stopping powers. The stopping powers were estimated by the SRIM code 25 using the bulk densities (1.52, 1.37 and 1.28 g/cm 3 for…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 Although NRA and ERDA can analyze hydrogen quantitatively, the typical depth resolution of NRA and conventional ERDA is not better than a few nm. 3,4 The depth resolution of ERDA can be improved to sub nm by employing a high-resolution energy spectrometer, which is called high-resolution ERDA (HR-ERDA). 5 As shown below, however, information concerning other elements is necessary for precise hydrogen analysis in ERDA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfect Composition Depth Profiling of Ionic Liquid Surfaces Using High-resolution RBS/ERDA

et al. 2016

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In order to reveal the surface structures of large molecular ionic liquids (ILs), the near-surface elemental depth distributions of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([CnC1Im][Tf2N], n = 2, 6, 10) were studied using high-resolution Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (HRBS) in combination with high-resolution elastic recoil detection analysis (HR-ERDA). The elemental depth profiles of all constituent elements, including hydrogen, were derived from HR-ERDA/HRBS measurements, so that the profiles would reproduce both HR-ERDA and HRBS spectra simultaneously. The derived elemental depth profiles agree with state-of-the-art molecular dynamics simulations, indicating the feasibility of this method. A controversy concerning the preferential orientation of [C2C1Im] at the surface has been resolved by this new combination analysis; namely, the [C2C1Im] cation has a preferential orientation with the ethyl chain pointing towards the vacuum in the topmost molecular layer.

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Hydrogen detection near surfaces and shallow interfaces with resonant nuclear reaction analysis

Cited by 133 publications

References 721 publications

Understanding and mitigating hydrogen embrittlement of steels: a review of experimental, modelling and design progress from atomistic to continuum

Understanding and mitigating hydrogen embrittlement of steels: a review of experimental, modelling and design progress from atomistic to continuum

Hydrogen-Induced Rupture of Strained Si─O Bonds in Amorphous Silicon Dioxide

Perfect Composition Depth Profiling of Ionic Liquid Surfaces Using High-resolution RBS/ERDA

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