Hydrogen containing fuel gas generation from organic wastes using photon activated magnesium metal catalyst

Biophotonics for Biofuel Upgradation

“…Biogas generation technology is one of the most potential technologies of renewable bio-energy generation from biodegradable waste materials through anaerobic digestion [1]. Thus biogas production by anaerobic digestion has a great impact on the crop production, waste management, control of odors and energy production [2].…”

“…Thus biogas production by anaerobic digestion has a great impact on the crop production, waste management, control of odors and energy production [2]. In anaerobic digestion process, different types of bacteria (like; hydrolytic, acidogenic and methanogenic) can convert biodegradable organic wastes into high calorific fuel gases, likehydrogen, methane, other hydrocarbon gases [1]. Biogas can also be used in running vehicles after it has been cleaned and upgraded [3].…”

“…The cleaning is done by separation of water vapour (H 2 O), hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S), ammonia (NH 3 ) and sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ), while upgradation is done by reducing the amount of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and carbon monoxide (CO) present in the biogas mixture. Modern biogas cleaning and upgradation technologies are based on percent improvement of methane and higher hydrocarbons content within the biogas mixture by adopting different techniques like, enzymatic hydrolysis [4], utilization of different types of cattle manures [5], utilization of different feedstock/food waste [1,6], microwave heating [7], metal catalyst use [8] and ultimately utilization of 2 different types of microorganisms [9]. Higher percent of methane increases the calorific value of biogas [1].…”

“…Modern biogas cleaning and upgradation technologies are based on percent improvement of methane and higher hydrocarbons content within the biogas mixture by adopting different techniques like, enzymatic hydrolysis [4], utilization of different types of cattle manures [5], utilization of different feedstock/food waste [1,6], microwave heating [7], metal catalyst use [8] and ultimately utilization of 2 different types of microorganisms [9]. Higher percent of methane increases the calorific value of biogas [1]. A high quality biogas with high flame temperature can be used as next generation fuel and clean energy.…”

“…In addition to the 16S-rDNA, other marker genes (such as; mcrA encoding the α-subunit of the methanogenesis enzyme methyl coenzyme-M reductase have been used to elucidate the composition of methanogenic consortia) amplification by the selection of PCR primers is also being adopted for microbial community study [12]. The metagenome study in community structure analysis is now a new area to the microbiologists [1]. Biogas-producing microbial community structure analysis from a productionscale biogas plant revealed that Clostridia from the phylum Firmicutes is the most prevalent taxonomic class, whereas species of the order Methanomicrobiales are dominant among methanogenic Archaea.…”