To date, the copper complex with
the tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine
(
tmpa
) ligand (
Cu
-
tmpa
) catalyzes
the ORR with the highest reported turnover frequency (TOF) for any
molecular copper catalyst. To gain insight into the importance of
the tetradentate nature and high flexibility of the
tmpa
ligand for efficient four-electron ORR catalysis, the redox and
electrocatalytic ORR behavior of the copper complexes of 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine
(
terpy
) and bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (
bmpa
) (
Cu
-
terpy
and
Cu
-
bmpa
, respectively) were investigated in the present study. With a combination
of cyclic voltammetry and rotating ring disk electrode measurements,
we demonstrate that the presence of the
terpy
and
bmpa
ligands results in a decrease in catalytic ORR activity
and an increase in Faradaic efficiency for H
2
O
2
production. The lower catalytic activity is shown to be the result
of a stabilization of the Cu
I
state of the complex compared
to the earlier reported
Cu
-
tmpa
catalyst.
This stabilization is most likely caused by the lower electron donating
character of the tridentate
terpy
and
bmpa
ligands compared to the tetradentate
tmpa
ligand. The
Laviron plots of the redox behavior of
Cu
-
terpy
and
Cu
-
bmpa
indicated that the formation
of the ORR active catalyst involves relatively slow electron transfer
kinetics which is caused by the inability of
Cu
-
terpy
and
Cu
-
bmpa
to form the preferred
tetrahedral coordination geometry for a Cu
I
complex easily.
Our study illustrates that both the tetradentate nature of the
tmpa
ligand and the ability of
Cu
-
tmpa
to form the preferred tetrahedral coordination geometry for a Cu
I
complex are of utmost importance for ORR catalysis with very
high catalytic rates.