Organic polymers with spatially ordered functional groups often exhibit enhanced physical properties compared to amorphous polymers with randomly orientated functional groups.1-7 Many crystalline and mesophase polymers have been developed in order to achieve supramolecular ordering of functional groups and/or the polymer backbone.1-7 For example, a wholly aromatic polyester consisting of a rigid poly(p-phenylene terephthalate) (PPT) backbone based on 2,5-disubstituted terephthalic acid and large-sized holetransporting groups exhibited either layered or nematic-like mesophase structure.7-10 The spatial ordering in the mesophase structure has shown excellent photorefractive responses for transmission and reflection grating geometries.
7-10We have recently synthesized series of one-dimensional (1D) and three-dimensional (3D) coordinated metallopolymers 11,12 by using a nonconventional polymerization method, the solvothermal reaction.13-15 The metallopolymers synthesized with zinc salts and 2,5-disubstituted terephthalic acid bearing flexible side chains exhibited either layered mesophase or isoreticular metal-organic framework (IRMOF) structures, 16 depending on the lengths and flexibilities of the side chains.13-15 However, in metallopolymers synthesized using the solvothermal reaction, the influences of large-sized pendant groups on their mesophase behavior and resulting physical properties have not been fully understood yet.Here we report on the design and synthesis of a series of mesophase metallopolymers with pendant groups. New metallopolymers were synthesized using the solvothermal reaction of zinc nitrate and 2,5-disubstituted terephthalic acids bearing oxyalkyl-9H-carbazole groups with various length of alkyl spacers (see Figure 1(a)). Despite the large size of the pendant carbazole groups, the metallopolymers exhibit layer-structured mesophase, and their layer distances and glass transition temperatures vary systematically with the length of the oxyalkyl spacers. The layer distances of the metallopolymers with oxyalkyl-9H-carbazole groups are larger than those of previously reported wholly aromatic polyesters with identical oxyalkyl-9H-carbazole groups.In order to investigate the influence of large-sized pendant groups on the mesophase characteristics in metallopolymers, a carbazole (CZ) group was introduced into the terephthalic acid. The chemical structure of the organic linkers, CZmacid bearing oxyalkyl-9H-carbazole groups, is shown in Figure 1(a). The carbazole groups are linked by oxyalkyl spacers (m = 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12), where m is the number of methylene units in the flexible oxyalkyl chains. New ZnCZm metallopolymers were synthesized using a solvothermal reaction of zinc nitrate and CZm-acid. In the newly synthesized ZnCZm metallopolymers, the coordination between zinc metal and carboxylate groups (see Figure 1(b)) was determined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) from the amount of ZnO ash remaining after combustion at high temperature (> 500 °C) under a mixture of O 2 and air. In infra...