The noncovalent interactions between formamide (FM) and
the heteroaromatic
compounds (furan and thiophene) were investigated through microwave
spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. Each of the investigated
complexes exhibits a single rotational spectrum corresponding to the
lowest energy structure predicted theoretically. In the detected structures,
N–H···O and C–H···O hydrogen
bonds dominate the complexation between FM and furan, resulting in
a planar configuration. Conversely, a superposed configuration linked
by a N–H···π hydrogen bond and CO···π
contact is observed for the FM–thiophene complex. In both cases,
hydrogen bonding interactions with N–H as proton donor rank
as the dominant forces, and the interaction energy of N–H···O
is larger than that of N–H···π. It was
found that the electrostatic component is the largest contributor
to the attraction between FM and furan, while the dispersion component
is the most significant attractive factor in the FM–thiophene
complex. These findings highlight the distinct features of hydrogen
bonding interactions of amides with heteroaromatics in the studied
complexes.