Hydrogen-Based Reduction Technologies in Low-Carbon Sustainable Ironmaking and Steelmaking: A Review

Sun, Minmin; Pang, Keliang; Barati, Mansoor; Meng, Xinyang

doi:10.1007/s40831-023-00772-4

Cited by 13 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 58 publications

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“…Supporting these technological and process improvements, government policies including carbon pricing and subsidies for low-carbon technologies are crucial in encouraging the steel industry to adopt these environmentally friendly practices. These comprehensive efforts are designed to significantly reduce the environmental impact of steel production by incorporating advanced technologies, optimizing energy sources, and implementing sustainable material handling practices [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview Analysis of Current Research Status in Iron Oxides Reduction by Hydrogen

Miškovičová,

Legemza,

Demeter

et al. 2024

Metals

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This paper focuses on the study of current knowledge regarding the use of hydrogen as a reducing agent in the metallurgical processes of iron and steel production. This focus is driven by the need to introduce environmentally suitable energy sources and reducing agents in this sector. This theoretical study primarily examines laboratory research on the reduction of Fe-based, metal-bearing materials. The article presents a critical analysis of the reduction in iron oxides using hydrogen, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of this method. Most experimental facilities worldwide employ their unique original methodologies, with techniques based on Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) devices, fluidized beds, and reduction retorts being the most common. The analysis indicates that the mineralogical composition of the Fe ores used plays a crucial role in hydrogen reduction. Temperatures during hydrogen reduction typically range from 500 to 900 °C. The reaction rate and degree of reduction increase with higher temperatures, with the transformation of wüstite to iron being the slowest step. Furthermore, the analysis demonstrates that reduction of iron ore with hydrogen occurs more intensively and quickly than with carbon monoxide (CO) or a hydrogen/carbon monoxide (H2/CO) mixture in the temperature range of 500 °C to 900 °C. The study establishes that hydrogen is a superior reducing agent for iron oxides, offering rapid reduction kinetics and a higher degree of reduction compared to traditional carbon-based methods across a broad temperature range. These findings underscore hydrogen’s potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the steel production industry, supporting a shift towards more sustainable manufacturing practices. However, the implementation of hydrogen as a primary reducing agent in industrial settings is constrained by current technological limitations and the need for substantial infrastructural developments to support large-scale hydrogen production and utilization.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview Analysis of Current Research Status in Iron Oxides Reduction by Hydrogen

Miškovičová,

Legemza,

Demeter

et al. 2024

Metals

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Phase Evolution Behavior during the Reduction Process of Medium‐Silica Fluxed Pellets

Cai,

Zhang,

Wang

et al. 2024

steel research int.

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To enhance the proportion of domestically manufactured Chinese pellets in the furnace, it is crucial to investigate the impact of calcium flux on the metallurgical characteristics of pellets and analyze the phase evolution behavior during the reduction process of medium‐silica fluxed pellets. This study examines the metallurgical properties of medium‐silica acid pellets and low‐basicity medium‐silica fluxed pellets produced in China. The results indicate that incorporating a small amount of calcium flux significantly enhances reducibility index (RI), reduces reduction swelling index, and lowers reductive degradation index (RDI+3.15 mm) for fluxed pellets. At a basicity level of 0.6, RI for medium‐silica fluxed pellets reaches 66.86%, while RDI−0.5 mm increases to 1.62% with increasing basicity levels. As pellet basicity increases, charge pressure drop (APmax) decreases, CaO content in silicate liquid phase within slag phase increases, and softening–melting zone widens, consequently leading to reduced solid‐phase particle content within pellets and increased fluidity within slag phase.

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Deadman Behavior and Slag–Iron–Coke Interaction of Low Carbon and Safety Blast Furnace: A Review

Zong,

Guo,

Zhang

et al. 2024

steel research int.

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The elucidation of the deadman's behavior and the interaction between slag–iron–coke within the blast furnace hearth are essential for the realization of low‐carbon and safe production. In this review, the macrostate of the deadman, the interactions between slag–iron–coke, carburizing behaviors, and renewal mechanisms are comprehensively examined. First, the formation and state of the deadman, voidage, and the distribution of coke sizes within the blast furnace hearth are characterized. The average coke particle size ranges from 20 to 30 mm, and the deadman void fraction of 30–50%. Second, the interaction between slag–iron–coke as well as the occurrence state of the mineral layer at the interface within the deadman is elucidated. The ash composition and content of coke are the key factors affecting the slag–iron–coke interaction and interface phase composition. Third, the influence exerted by critical factors such as the physical properties of the carbon source, molten iron, and temperature on the carburizing behavior are analyzed, with the renewal mechanisms of the deadman also being disclosed. Finally, three future focal areas are proposed: characterization and intelligent monitoring of deadman permeability, analysis of slag–iron–coke properties and interface mineral layers control, and in‐depth analysis of deadman renewal and carbon carburization in molten iron. It is anticipated that the studies will enhance the comprehension of deadman behavior and the interactions between slag–iron–coke, thereby fostering the blast furnace's sustainable development.

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Hydrogen-Based Reduction Technologies in Low-Carbon Sustainable Ironmaking and Steelmaking: A Review

Cited by 13 publications

References 58 publications

An Overview Analysis of Current Research Status in Iron Oxides Reduction by Hydrogen

An Overview Analysis of Current Research Status in Iron Oxides Reduction by Hydrogen

Phase Evolution Behavior during the Reduction Process of Medium‐Silica Fluxed Pellets

Deadman Behavior and Slag–Iron–Coke Interaction of Low Carbon and Safety Blast Furnace: A Review

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