Hydrogen anneal of E′ centers in thermal SiO2 on Si

“…However, ATP is also produced by alcohol fermentation when cells are under anaerobic condition. 7) C. albicans is a facultative fungus in which ATP production is not terminated under anaerobic conditions. Thus, we suggested that sodium sulfite could inhibit not only aerobic respiration but also alcohol fermentation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7) To confirm whether sodium sulfite inhibited fermentation at pH 5, the function of fermentation was measured. In this assay, ethanol production was used as an index of fermentation.…”

Section: Effect Of Sodium Sulfite On the Growth Of C Albicans Under mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Anti-Candida Activity of Sodium Sulfite

Ogasawara

Iino

Sato

et al. 2008

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The opportunistic fungus Candida albicans is the most important fungus in the case of oral and deep-seated infections. C. albicans is able to grow in yeast and hyphal forms depending on environmental conditions. 1,2) The external pH and temperature induce morphological transition in C. albicans.3) C. albicans can grow under conditions ranging from pH 2 to 10.4) The hyphal growth is observed above pH 6 and yeast growth is observed below pH 5.5) Under aerobic conditions, glucose is metabolized to acetyl CoA via the glycolysis pathway. At this time, the glycolysis pathway generates ATP molecules in the cytoplasm. When acetyl CoA enters the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in the mitochondrion, NADH is generated.6) Then, reoxidation of NADH through the mitochondrial respiratory chain induces a volume of ATP molecules. While under anaerobic condition, the TCA cycle and mitochondrial respiratory chain are terminated, the regeneration of NAD ϩ is caused by the alcohol fermentation pathway. In this pathway, acetaldehyde plays a role as the exogenous electron acceptor to produce ATP. 7)Sodium sulfite is used as a leading food preservative. 8) As sodium sulfite binds to oxygen and induces an anaerobic condition (2Na 2 SO 3 ϩO 2 ϭ2Na 2 SO 4 ), 9) the growth of aerobic microorganisms is effectively inhibited. Sodium sulfite showed a negative effect on mutagenicity studies and was not irritating or sensitizing on clinical tests. 10) There are a few studies describing the effects of sodium sulfite on human neutrophils and macrophages, in which activation of superoxide production and gene expression by sulfite are demonstrated.11-13) However, there is no report about the effect of sodium sulfite on C. albicans, a facultative anaerobic fungus.In this study, we demonstrated that sodium sulfite showed an anti-Candida activity under acidic conditions, and described its activity. MATERIALS AND METHODSReagent Sodium sulfite (Nacalai Tesque) was used in this study.Fungus Candida albicans BWP yeast cells was maintained at 27°C in Sabouraud's liquid medium (2% glucose, 1% peptone and 0.5% yeast extract) with shaking for 24 h. After the incubation, the yeast cells were washed with sterilized water, then suspended in RPMI1640 medium (Nissui) for various experiments. Effect of Sodium Sulfite on the Growth of C. albicansTo monitor the effect of pH on the anti-Candida activity of sodium sulfite, RPMI1640 medium mixed with sodium sulfite (final concentration 10 mg/ml) was adjusted to pH 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 by adding 1 N HCl solution, respectively. C. albicans BWP (final concentration 1ϫ10 5 cells/ml) was suspended in pH-adjusted RPMI1640 medium and incubated at 37°C in 5% CO 2 for 24 h. After incubation, the total number of cells was measured at OD 620 using Immuno Mini NJ-2300 (Inter Med). To examine whether the effect of sodium sulfite is candidacidal or candidastatic, C. albicans cells treated with sodium sulfite were harvested and washed twice with sterilized water, then the cells were suspended in fresh RPMI1640 medium (pH 7). Twenty-four ho...

show abstract

“…Under favorable conditions in jar fermentation, the disruptants accumulated 82.2 g L −1 of pyruvate in 52 h [32,33] . They also identified the manipulation of cofactor, such as thiamine, biotin, availability of NAD + and Ca 2+ levels, as a potential tool to redistribute carbon flux in Torulopsis glabrata [34,35] . Succinic acid is another potential biobased bulk chemical.…”

Section: Yield and Productivity Improvement Of Biobased Productsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Modern Biotechnology in China

Wang

Zhao

2009

Biotechnology in China II

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In recent years, with the booming economy, the Chinese government has increased its financial input to biotechnology research, which has led to remarkable achievements by China in modern biotechnology. As one of the key parts of modern biotechnology, industrial biotechnology will be crucial for China's sustainable development in this century. This review presents an overview of Chinese industrial biotechnology in last 10 years. Modern biotechnology had been classified into metabolic engineering and systems biology framework. Metabolic engineering is a field of broad fundamental and practical concept so we integrated the related technology achievements into the real practices of many metabolic engineering cases, such as biobased products production, environmental control and others. Now metabolic engineering is developing towards the systems level. Chinese researchers have also embraced this concept and have contributed invaluable things in genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and related bioinformatics. A series of advanced laboratories or centers were established which will represent Chinese modern biotechnology development in the near future. At the end of this review, metabolic network research advances have also been mentioned.

show abstract

Hydrogen anneal of E′ centers in thermal SiO2 on Si

Cited by 34 publications

References 9 publications

Further investigations of the effect of replacing lithium by sodium on lithium silicate scintillating glass efficiency

Further investigations of the effect of replacing lithium by sodium on lithium silicate scintillating glass efficiency

Anti-Candida Activity of Sodium Sulfite

Modern Biotechnology in China

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About