Hydrogen and the decarbonization of the energy system in europe in 2050: A detailed model-based analysis

Novel approach for low CO2 intensity hydrogen production from natural gas

“…1 The report Net Zero by 2050, 2 released by the IEA in 2021, also highlighted the role of hydrogen in a decarbonised energy system utilizing energy system models with a production of more than 500 Mt of hydrogen in 2050. A recent European study 3 highlighted the importance of hydrogen especially in hard-to-abate sectors with a total consumption of around 100 Mt of hydrogen in Europe alone. Both renewables and decarbonised fossil fuels can enable hydrogen production and use with very low net CO 2 emissions and are used in the aforementioned studies.…”

Towards a resilient and cost-competitive clean hydrogen economy: the future is green

“…, CO 2 and methane emission), the model finds cost-optimal investments in production technologies, use of resources, domestic supply and hydrogen tradeflows. 22…”

“…, originally removed from the atmosphere by natural processes and meant to be remitted naturally due to biogenic degradation processes), or directly captured from the air using chemical processes (such as direct air capture). and other synthetic fuels such as e-kerosene) for industrial and transport applications, and as a reduction agent to produce clean steel. 22–24 Together, hydrogen and its derivative molecules can replace fossil fuels for these applications that are difficult or costly to electrify. If their supply is clean,||||Hydrogen and synthetic molecules produced from it are considered clean if their production entails no or very limited direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions. significant emission reductions can be unlocked.…”

“…If their supply is clean,||||Hydrogen and synthetic molecules produced from it are considered clean if their production entails no or very limited direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions. significant emission reductions can be unlocked. 22,23,28…”

Is Power-to-Gas always beneficial? The implications of ownership structure

“…This vision presupposes a profound transformation in the way hydrogen is generated and consumed. At present, hydrogen is mainly produced from natural gas through steam methane reforming (SMR) whereas a substantial share of future hydrogen production is expected to emanate from electricity using the electrolysis of water, a technology called Power-to-Gas (PtG) or Powerto-Hydrogen (Seck et al, 2022). From an energy perspective, the large-scale deployment of PtG is expected to have major implications.…”