Hydrogen and surface excitation in electron spectra of polyethylene

Multiwall carbon nanotubes purification and oxidation by nitric acid studied by the FTIR and electron spectroscopy methods

“…This energy splitting depends on the kinetic energy of electrons and the geometry of measurement [30]. For incident electrons kinetic energy of 2000 eV, the value of 3.6 eV was reported [31,32]. For the experimental conditions applied, in MWCNTs the electron quasi-elastic recoil shift for C, N, O and Cl atoms is smaller than the FWHM of the elastic peak at 2000 eV (Table 4, Fig.…”

“…The quantification of H content with high accuracy is possible utilizing the effect of energy shift of the peak in the EPES spectra from electrons backscattered quasi-elastically on recoiled atoms of different atomic numbers [30]. Such effect was observed in polyethylene, consisting of C and H atoms, where the energy loss of electrons backscattered quasi-elastically (recoil shift) causes splitting of the elastic peak into two components enabling to estimate the surface concentration of H [31,32]. This energy splitting depends on the kinetic energy of electrons and the geometry of measurement [30].…”

“…These values were evaluated by fitting the spectra to Gaussian-Lorentzian sum function with the parameters for the asymmetric tail, following a Tougaard background subtraction [24]. The REELS spectra plasmon energies from Table 4 were corrected for an electron recoil loss on C atom, which (for the applied primary electron energy of 2000 eV and measurement geometry) equals to 0.29 eV [30,31].…”

H content determination at the (100) surface of homoepitaxial diamond by Elastic Peak Electron Spectroscopy

“…It has recently become the subject of extensive investigations [1][2][3] and, in particular, interest has grown about the opportunity it provides to measure H in solids, specifically in C based materials [4][5][6][7][8][9]. The interest is motivated by the fact that detecting H, typically not possible by electron spectroscopy, requires the use of techniques, such as Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ERDA) [10], not easily accessible, or Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) [11] which, though now widely available in surface analytical laboratories, is a destructive method.…”

On the use of elastic peak electron spectroscopy (EPES) to measure the H content of hydrogenated amorphous carbon films

“…As a consequence, H is more easily detected in low-Z materials. Elastic peak structure due to H was investigated for C 8 H 14 O 2 (Formvar) [5] and for CH 2 (polyethylene) [12,15,18] with respect to energy, intensity, and line shape, while the issue of quantitative determination of H was addressed for various polymers [6,7,19] and for hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C : H). [16,17] This article deals with several methodological aspects related with measuring the H content of hydrogenated amorphous carbon films.…”