Hydrogen Addition For Improved Lean Burn Capability of Slow and Fast Burning Natural Gas Combustion Chambers

Tunestål, Per; Christensen, Magnus; Einewall, Patrik; Andersson, Tobias; Johansson, Bengt; Jönsson, Owe

doi:10.4271/2002-01-2686

Cited by 66 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…with Air-to-Fuel Ratio (AFR) greater than the stoichiometric one or, differently, for λ=AFR/AFR stoic >1. This leads to relatively low NO X emissions, especially for λ>2.5-4.0 [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) can also be used to control the combustion duration, knocking and NO X emissions in SI hydrogen engines [13,[35][36][37][38][39][40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen SI and HCCI Combustion in a Direct-Injection Optical Engine

Rosati¹,

Aleiferis²

2009

SAE Int. J. Engines

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The Engineering Meetings Board has approved this paper for publication. It has successfully completed SAE's peer review process under the supervision of the session organizer. This process requires a minimum of three (3) reviews by industry experts. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. ISSN 0148-7191 Positions and opinions advanced in this paper are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of SAE. The author is solely responsible for the content of the paper. SAE ABSTRACTHydrogen has been largely proposed as a possible alternative fuel for internal combustion engines. Its wide flammability range allows higher engine efficiency with leaner operation than conventional fuels, for both reduced toxic emissions and no CO 2 gases. Independently, Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) also allows higher thermal efficiency and lower fuel consumption with reduced NO X emissions when compared to Spark-Ignition (SI) engine operation. For HCCI combustion, a mixture of air and fuel is supplied to the cylinder and autoignition occurs from compression; engine is operated throttle-less and load is controlled by the quality of the mixture, avoiding the large fluid-dynamic losses in the intake manifold of SI engines. HCCI can be induced and controlled by varying the mixture temperature, either by Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) or intake air pre-heating. A combination of HCCI combustion with hydrogen fuelling has great potential for virtually zero CO 2 and NO X emissions. Nevertheless, combustion on such a fast burning fuel with wide flammability limits and high octane number implies many disadvantages, such as control of backfiring and speed of autoignition and there is almost no literature on the subject, particularly in optical engines. Experiments were conducted in a singlecylinder research engine equipped with both Port Fuel Injection (PFI) and Direct Injection (DI) systems running at 1000 RPM. Optical access to in-cylinder phenomena was enabled through an extended piston and optical crown. Combustion images were acquired by a highspeed camera at 1° or 2° crank angle resolution for a series of engine cycles. Spark-ignition tests were initially carried out to benchmark the operation of the engine with hydrogen against gasoline. DI of hydrogen after intake valve closure was found to be preferable in order to overcome problems related to backfiring and air displacement from hydrogen's low density. HCCI combustion of hydrogen was initially enabled by means of a pilot port injection of n-heptane preceding the main direct injection of hydrogen, along with intake air preheating. Sole hydrogen fuelling HCCI was finally achieved and made sustainable, even at the low compression ratio of the optical engine by means of closed-valve DI, in synergy with air-pre-heating and negative valve overlap to promote intern...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen SI and HCCI Combustion in a Direct-Injection Optical Engine

Rosati¹,

Aleiferis²

2009

SAE Int. J. Engines

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“…One effective method to solve the problem of the slow burning velocity of natural gas is to mix natural gas with fuel that possesses fast burning velocity. Hydrogen is regarded as the best gaseous candidate for natural gas due to its very fast burning velocity, and this combination is expected to improve lean-burn characteristics and decrease engine emissions [36]. The hydrogen blends in CNG can range from 5 to 30% by volume.…”

Section: Hydrogen-methane Mixtures For Internal Combustion Enginesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Hydrogen-Methane Blends in Internal Combustion Engines

Çeper¹

2012

Hydrogen Energy - Challenges and Perspectives

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“…이미 많은 연구를 통해 기존의 자동차 연료에 수 소를 첨가하여 연소 및 배기성능을 상당히 개선할 수 있음이 밝혀진 바 있다 [4,5]. 합성가스의 경우 수 소를 다량 포함하고 있어 수소 연료와 유사한 효과 를 얻을 수 있으며, 탄화수소계의 연료의 개질을 통 해 생산할 수 있기 때문에 기존 인프라를 활용하면 서도 수소이용 시스템으로 전환을 시도할 수 있는 가교 역할을 할 수 있다.…”

Section: 서 론unclassified

Characteristics of LPG Fuel Reforming Utilizing Plasma Reformer

Park¹,

Lee²,

Kim³

et al. 2012

Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas

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-In this study, characteristics of reforming process of Automotive LPG fuel using plasma reactor are investigated. Because plasma reformer technology has advantages of a fast start-up and wide fuel/oxidizer ratio of operation, and reactor size is smaller and more simple compared to typical combustor and catalytic reactor, plasma reforming is suitable to the on-board vehicle reformer. To evaluate the characteristics of the reforming process, parametric effect of O2/C ratio, reactant flow rate and plasma power on the process were investigated. In the test of varying O2/C ratio from partial oxidation stoichiometry to combustion stoichiometry, conversion of LPG was increased but selectivity of H2 decreased. The optimum condition of O2/C ratio for the highest H2 yield was determined to be 0.8~0.9 for 20~50 lpm. The result can be a guide to map optimal condition of reforming process.

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Hydrogen Addition For Improved Lean Burn Capability of Slow and Fast Burning Natural Gas Combustion Chambers

Cited by 66 publications

References 8 publications

Hydrogen SI and HCCI Combustion in a Direct-Injection Optical Engine

Hydrogen SI and HCCI Combustion in a Direct-Injection Optical Engine

Use of Hydrogen-Methane Blends in Internal Combustion Engines

Characteristics of LPG Fuel Reforming Utilizing Plasma Reformer

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