Hydrogen absorption in palladium electrodes in alkaline solutions

Enyo, M.; Biswas, P.C.

doi:10.1016/0022-0728(92)80250-8

Cited by 48 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Taking a linear fit of the η 1 vs Log(|j|) provides information about the Volmer reaction, and the linear fit of η 2 vs Log(|j|) does the same for the Tafel reaction. 4,15,28 The j oV (from η 1 vs Log(|j|)) and j oT (from η 2 vs Log(|j|)) are found by taking the intercepts of the linear fits of the plots. Figure 6a shows the procedure performed on the Bi(UPD)+Pt sample.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Palladium Surfaces to Enhance the Electrochemical Storage of Hydrogen

Hamm¹,

Dmitriyeva²,

Knies³

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Materials can be engineered to have enhanced hydrogen storage capabilities for a given electrolysis working condition by modifying the composition of the first few atomic layers. The changes in composition of the near surface can affect the balance between the Volmer, Tafel, and Heyrovsky reactions, which changes the chemical potential of the adsorbed hydrogen, and ultimately controls the electrochemical insertion of hydrogen. To this end, the hydrogen stored under galvanostatic conditions was investigated after altering the composition of the Pd surface with various combinations of Pb, Bi, and Pt. It was found that the addition of an underpotential deposition (UPD) of Bi on the Pd cathode increases the hydrogen content from PdH 0.77 to PdH 0.81 at −10.9 mA cm −2 , and the addition of a small amount of Pt to the UPD Bi (Pt/Bi atomic ratio of 0.13 ± 0.01) further increased the hydrogen content to PdH 0.87 . For comparison, the same change in hydrogen content from pressurized gas loading experiments would require an increase in hydrogen fugacity from about 16 to 2400 atm. This work provides a fundamental basis for the future design of surface alloys yielding enhanced electrochemical hydrogen storage in Pd and other hydrogen absorbing materials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Palladium Surfaces to Enhance the Electrochemical Storage of Hydrogen

Hamm¹,

Dmitriyeva²,

Knies³

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…(4) in eq. (1) and we have (5) or (6) In other terms, the generalized Schrodinger equation (1) becomes (7) where the new Hamiltonian (8) is now given and it contains the new interaction (9) Equation (9) is the basic point of our theory. V' (r) is a new kind of attractive interaction existing in the nature as it is derived by the biquaternion generalized Schrodinger equation (1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(11), we have to admit now that the following reactions: e-+ p + p-----d + neutrinos (1.44 MeV) and d + e-----2n + neutrinos occurred in Kamada's experi ments. In fact, in Kamada's experiment, we had the most favorable conditions to consider the new interaction (9). We had, in fact, a deliberate combination of protons and electron in a physical situation that promoted the wavefunction overlap.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confirmation of The Changes of Isotopic Distribution for The Elements on Palladium Cathode after Strong Electrolysis in D2O Solution

Mizuno

Akimoto

Ohmori

et al. 1998

Int. J. Soc. Mater. Eng. Resour

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Many elements on Pd electrode were confirmed by several analytic meth ods; reaction products with the mass number up to 208 are deposited on palla dium cathodes, which were subjected to electrolysis in a heavy water solution at high pressure, temperature, and current density for prolonged time.These masses were composed of many elements ranged from hydrogen to lead. Extraordinary observations were the changes of their isotopic distributions in the produced elements; these were radically different from the natural ones. For example, natural chromium is 4.3% Cr 50, 84% Cr 52, 9.5% Cr 53 and 2 .4% Cr 54. But the Chromium found on the Pd surface was 14% Cr 50 , 51% Cr 52, 2.4% Cr 53 and 11% Cr 54. Natural Isotopic distribution varies by less than 0.003% for Cr. Essentially the same phenomenon was confirmed eight times with high reproducibility at high cathodic current density, above 0 .2A /cm2. All the possibilities of contamination had been carefully eliminated by several pretreatments for the sample and electrolysis system. It means that a nuclear reaction had taken place during the electrochemical treatment.It is indicat ing the role of new interactions discovered in the framework of a generaliza tion of the usual quantum mechanics.Evidently such new interactions, due to the mutual overlap of wavepackets, should explain the new phenomenologies that are experimentally observed in this study.

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“…But making use of the measured isotherm results from the Pd|H 2 system in the region of interest (x ≤ 0.95) does not introduce any marked error 1 , so we can express the loading ratio in terms of the fugacity and utilize the results from the Pd|H 2 system. Enyo and coworkers [17][18][19] have established a relationship between the fugacity and η T , the overpotential of the Tafel step in the Volmer-Tafel (V-T) route…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For H, the required pressure at same x is less than that of D, so the deviation is even smaller. η T can be measured in an open-circuit transient experiment [17][18][19]. Combining Eqs.…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The maximum hydrogen (deuterium) loading ratio in the Pd|H2O (D2O) electrochemical system

Zhang

1997

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

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Based on the Volmer-Heyrovsky-Tafel mechanism, Frumkin adsorption and thermodynamic data of hydrogen (deuterium) absorption in Pd, effects of surface parameters on the hydrogen (deuterium) loading ratio into Pd in the hydrogen (deuterium) evolution reaction are discussed. There is a change of mechanism from the Volmer-Tafel route to the Volmer-Heyrovsky route when the current density rises, and there exists the maximum loading ratio at a certain current density when the symmetry factor of the Heyrovsky step is less than that of the Volmer reaction. The theoretical results fit the experimental data presented before very well; other factors that affect the loading ratio are discussed as well.

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Hydrogen absorption in palladium electrodes in alkaline solutions

Cited by 48 publications

References 10 publications

Engineering Palladium Surfaces to Enhance the Electrochemical Storage of Hydrogen

Engineering Palladium Surfaces to Enhance the Electrochemical Storage of Hydrogen

Confirmation of The Changes of Isotopic Distribution for The Elements on Palladium Cathode after Strong Electrolysis in D2O Solution

The maximum hydrogen (deuterium) loading ratio in the Pd|H2O (D2O) electrochemical system

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