Hydrogel nanoparticles and nanocomposites for nasal drug/vaccine delivery

Abstract

Over the past few years, nasal drug delivery has attracted more and more attentions, and been recognized as the most promising alternative route for the systemic medication of drugs limited to intravenous administration. Many experiments in animal models have shown that nanoscale carriers have the ability to enhance the nasal delivery of peptide/protein drugs and vaccines compared to the conventional drug solution formulations. However, the rapid mucociliary clearance of the drug-loaded nanoparticles can cause a reduction in bioavailability percentage after intranasal administration. Thus, research efforts have considerably been directed towards the development of hydrogel nanosystems which have mucoadhesive properties in order to maximize the residence time, and hence increase the period of contact with the nasal mucosa and enhance the drug absorption. It is most certain that the high viscosity of hydrogel-based nanosystems can efficiently offer this mucoadhesive property. This update review discusses the possible benefits of using hydrogel polymer-based nanoparticles and hydrogel nanocomposites for drug/vaccine delivery through the intranasal administration.

Novel Pentablock Copolymers as Thermosensitive Self-Assembling Micelles for Ocular Drug Delivery

“…This solution can then be administered into a target tissue where it can form an in situ gel at body temperature and control the drug release. 76 It is a formulation that is in an injectable liquid form at ambient temperature but converts into a gel at body temperature and at a pH close to neutral. Besides, it is biocompatible and biodegradable, and certainly represents a perfect system.…”

Current and New Approaches for Mucosal Vaccine Delivery

“…The surfaces of nanogels are relatively easy to modify by specific ligands, enabling targeted delivery to specific cells or tissues. Nanogel vaccine formulations can be delivered via a wide range of routes, such as parenteral, oral, nasal, pulmonary, or ocular administration [52]. Nanogels can be formulated by various polysaccharides such as chitosan, mannan, hyaluronic acid, dextrin, cycloamylose, pullulan, and enzymatically synthesized glucogen [53].…”

Natural Polysaccharide based Nanoparticles for Drug/Gene Deliv­ery

“…It has been reported that CHP nanoparticles are efficiently transferred to antigen-presenting cells like dendritic cells and/or macrophages, and this provides a stronger immune response. 4 Figure 1. represents the uptake of cCHP nanoparticle-vaccine antigen complex by nasal dendritic cells that induce antigen specific immune responses.…”

“…3 Nanoparticles are ultrafine colloidal particles in the size range between 1-100 nm and exhibit different properties as compared to their source material. 4 Drugs or bioactive molecules can be encapsulated into the interior matrix of nanoparticles or incorporated to the exterior surface by the adsorption or conjugation. 5 Not only the synthetic polymers like Poly(lactide-co-glycolide), 6 polyacrylates, 7 polycaprolactones, 8 and polyethylenimine, 9 but also natural polymers such as albumin, 10 alginate, 11 and chitosan 12 can be used for the preparation of nanoparticles.…”