Hydrogel machines

Liu, Xinyue; Liu, Ji; Lin, Shaoting; Zhao, Xuanhe

doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2019.12.026

Cited by 654 publications

(514 citation statements)

References 301 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

514

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although hydrogel micromotors are now toddlers with a rotund tummy, this newly developing field sees a bright future from developed applications of hydrogel microparticles and hydrogel-based soft robotics [101,102,107,108]. If combined with motive power, multifunctional hydrogels at the microscale will play important and diverse roles in biomedical procedures in the near future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the major current challenges of hydrogel micromotors is a reduction of hydrogels to microscale particles and the integration of a versatile motion control for micromotors, for which hydrogel biocompatibility, biodegradability, and task-fulfilling ability are not lost. The field of stimuli-responsive, bioactive, biocompatible, flexible hydrogel microparticles is rapidly evolving and integrating chemically, mechanically, physically, and biologically with potential biomedical procedures for drug delivery, tissue engineering, minimally invasive delivery, and surgery [101,102]. For future real in vivo application of hydrogel micromotors, already developed hydrogel devices, hydrogel microparticles, and hydrogel-based soft robotics are discussed here.…”

Section: Future Of Hydrogel Micromotorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Requirement and Development of Hydrogel Micromotors towards Biomedical Applications

Lin

Zhu

et al. 2020

Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

With controllable size, biocompatibility, porosity, injectability, responsivity, diffusion time, reaction, separation, permeation, and release of molecular species, hydrogel microparticles achieve multiple advantages over bulk hydrogels for specific biomedical procedures. Moreover, so far studies mostly concentrate on local responses of hydrogels to chemical and/or external stimuli, which significantly limit the scope of their applications. Tetherless micromotors are autonomous microdevices capable of converting local chemical energy or the energy of external fields into motive forces for self-propelled or externally powered/controlled motion. If hydrogels can be integrated with micromotors, their applicability can be significantly extended and can lead to fully controllable responsive chemomechanical biomicromachines. However, to achieve these challenging goals, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and motive mechanisms of hydrogel micromotors need to be simultaneously integrated. This review summarizes recent achievements in the field of micromotors and hydrogels and proposes next steps required for the development of hydrogel micromotors, which become increasingly important for in vivo and in vitro bioapplications.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Future Of Hydrogel Micromotorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Requirement and Development of Hydrogel Micromotors towards Biomedical Applications

Lin

Zhu

et al. 2020

Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Secondly, scaling up the fabrication of hydrogel technology would require careful consideration for the long-term and sustainable business industry. This includes several aspects of hydrogel fabrication, including batch-to-batch variation, shelf-life/storage conditions, sterilization, as well as costs of materials and processes [165,166]. Spatial gel inhomogeneity (with uneven cross-linking density) can influence sensor incorporation and hamper monitoring performance [167].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogel-Based Technologies for the Diagnosis of Skin Pathology

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hydrogels, swellable hydrophilic polymer networks fabricated through chemical cross-linking or physical entanglement are increasingly utilized in various biomedical applications over the past few decades. Hydrogel-based microparticles, dressings and microneedle patches have been explored to achieve safe, sustained and on-demand therapeutic purposes toward numerous skin pathologies, through incorporation of stimuli-responsive moieties and therapeutic agents. More recently, these platforms are expanded to fulfill the diagnostic and monitoring role. Herein, the development of hydrogel technology to achieve diagnosis and monitoring of pathological skin conditions are highlighted, with proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites, and reactive species employed as target biomarkers, among others. The scope of this review includes the characteristics of hydrogel materials, its fabrication procedures, examples of diagnostic studies, as well as discussion pertaining clinical translation of hydrogel systems.

show abstract

“…An extensive comprehensive discussion of stimuli-responsive soft robots has been reviewed in the forms of flexible electronics, sensors, biomedical tools, optics, and actuators [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. In general, stimuli-responsive soft robots are mainly composed of polymer, hydrogel, or hybrid of them both, which provide significantly larger swelling than their dehydrated weight due to their inherent porous nature [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Stimuli-Responsive Soft Robots with Integrated Hybrid Materials

Son

Yoon

2020

Actuators

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hybrid stimuli-responsive soft robots have been extensively developed by incorporating multi-functional materials, such as carbon-based nanoparticles, nanowires, low-dimensional materials, and liquid crystals. In addition to the general functions of conventional soft robots, hybrid stimuli-responsive soft robots have displayed significantly advanced multi-mechanical, electrical, or/and optical properties accompanied with smart shape transformation in response to external stimuli, such as heat, light, and even biomaterials. This review surveys the current enhanced scientific methods to synthesize the integration of multi-functional materials within stimuli-responsive soft robots. Furthermore, this review focuses on the applications of hybrid stimuli-responsive soft robots in the forms of actuators and sensors that display multi-responsive and highly sensitive properties. Finally, it highlights the current challenges of stimuli-responsive soft robots and suggests perspectives on future directions for achieving intelligent hybrid stimuli-responsive soft robots applicable in real environments.

show abstract

Hydrogel machines

Cited by 654 publications

References 301 publications

Requirement and Development of Hydrogel Micromotors towards Biomedical Applications

Requirement and Development of Hydrogel Micromotors towards Biomedical Applications

Hydrogel-Based Technologies for the Diagnosis of Skin Pathology

Advances in Stimuli-Responsive Soft Robots with Integrated Hybrid Materials

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About