Hydrogel-Derived Nanoporous Sn–In–Ni Ternary Alloy Network for High-Performance Lithium-Storage

3D Space-Confined Pyrolysis of Double-Network Aerogels Containing In-Fe Cyanogel and Polyaniline: A New Approach to Hierarchically Porous Carbon with Exclusive Fe-N x Active Sites for Oxygen Reduction Catalysis

“…After mixing, the nitrogen end of cyano ligand from K 3 Fe(CN) 6 replaces the chloride ligand from InCl 3 , forming the bridges between Fe(III) and In(III) centers (FeCNIn). This coordination–substitution reaction generates the extended cyano bridges, and the whole reaction system finally forms the stable In–Fe cyanogel . During pyrolysis, the vaporization of the in situ generated In is beneficial for the porous nature of the final Fe‐based product.…”

Double-Network Gel-Enabled Uniform Incorporation of Metallic Matrices with Silicon Anodes Realizing Enhanced Lithium Storage

“…The decrease in the Si/Ti atomic ratio is due to the formation of a small amount of Mg 2 Si during the magnesiothermic coreduction process, as revealed by the XRD pattern of the annealing product before the acid etching process (Figure S4). The nanoporous characteristics of the Si–Ti binary framework have been further demonstrated by a nitrogen adsorption and desorption test (Figure f), and the determined large surface area (162.7 m 2 g –1 ), high pore volume (0.73 cm 3 g –1 ), and uniform mesopores with average size of 18.1 nm accelerate the electrode–electrolyte contact and facilitate the stress release of this binary anode during cycling. − …”

“…Nanostructured hydrogels usually possess large surface area, highly nanoporous structure, tunable physicochemical properties, and mixed pathways for both charge and mass, and thus these gel systems and their derivatives have been widely used in energy-related applications. − Double-network hydrogels, containing two kinds of 3D intertwined gel networks, combine the compositional merits of each network and might yield intriguing synergistic effects, thus becoming more promising materials in energy storage and conversion areas. − Here we develop an all-inorganic double-network gel-enabled methodology for the uniform incorporation of metallic titanium with silicon anodes. The simultaneous hydrolysis–condensation reactions of TEOS and TBOT generate a uniform and light-yellow SiO 2 –TiO 2 double-network hydrogel, as shown in Figure a.…”

“…Specifically, the hierarchical 0D to 3D framework structure, with large surface area and high pore volume, accommodates volume variations and suppresses electrode pulverization to a large extent, − and meanwhile, the uniform-distributed inactive TiSi 2 nanocrystals further buffer volume expansion and inhibit the full lithiation from amorphous Li x Si to crystalline Li 15 Si 4 , − leading to remarkable structural stability and long-term cyclic life of the Si–Ti binary framework. Moreover, the interconnected framework offers continuous 0D to 3D pathways for electrons, and the internally abundant mesopores facilitate the electrode–electrolyte contact. − Such 3D mixed conducting networks for electron/Li-ion ensure the greatly enhanced charge-transport capability and high rate performance. ,,− …”

Chemically Binding Scaffolded Anodes with 3D Graphene Architectures Realizing Fast and Stable Lithium Storage

“…As can be seen, the FTIR spectrum of the double-network aerogel reveals a shift of cyano stretching vibration to a higher frequency at 2170 cm −1 compared with K 2 Ni(CN) 4 reagent (2122 cm −1 ). Such positive shift of ν (C≡N) indicates the formation of the structural unit of Sn(IV)−Ni(II) cyanogel (Ni–C≡N–Sn), in analogy to similar bridging cyano groups including Ni–C≡N–Sb [28], Fe–C≡N–Sn [29–31], and Co–C≡N–In [32] in other cyanogel systems. Moreover, a negative shift of ν (O–H) from 3430 cm −1 in GO sheets to 3414 cm −1 in the double-network aerogel is clearly observed.…”