Hydrogel-Based Sensors for Human–Machine Interaction

Fang, Kecheng; Wan, Yan; Wei, Junjie; Chen, Tao

doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02444

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 58 publications

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“…In recent years, wearable devices have made remarkable progress and have been widely used in different fields, such as human–computer interactions, healthcare, and drug delivery. − An epidermal electrode is a kind of wearable device and can collect electrophysiological signals, including electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiography (ECG), electrooculography (EOG), and electromyography (EMG). − EMG is derived from electrical potential changes of muscle cells or muscle tissues during activity, which is used for fatigue assessment and relief, sports training, and prosthesis control. − However, epidermal electrodes no longer fit closely to skin after sweating or a period of use, which creates motion artifacts, reduces the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and makes it difficult to detect weak EMG. , In addition, human skin deforms with body movement. Dry electrodes do not adapt to the deformation and separate from skin, which cannot stably detect signals and causes discomfort. , Commercial gel electrodes usually reduce adhesion and conductivity after prolonged use due to water loss, which poses a challenge for long-term reusable electrodes. − Eutectic gels are a type of ionic gels, which have great adhesion and stretchability . They do not require water, successfully solving the problem of moisture depletion .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Stretchable and Sweat-Adhesive 3D Graphene Eutectogel Electrode for EMG Monitoring

Pan,

Cui,

Song

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Epidermal electrodes play an essential role in accurately capturing electrophysiological signals, which are critical for human health monitoring and human−computer interactions. However, these electrodes face challenges such as the inability to maintain long-term adhesion and limited adaptability to skin deformation, which hinder their sustained and repeated use. In this work, we developed a stretchable and sweat-adhesive epidermal electrode for accurate recording of electromyography (EMG) signals. This electrode is based on the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of graphene foam and eutectogel. This copolymer exhibits excellent tensile properties (500−600%), sweat adhesion (19 kPa), and low impedance (99 Ω). It provides both structural support and an interfacial conductive medium for the graphene foam, effectively reducing contact impedance with skin. This stretchable and sweat-adhesive epidermal electrode presents an interesting scheme for the preparation of wearable devices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Stretchable and Sweat-Adhesive 3D Graphene Eutectogel Electrode for EMG Monitoring

Pan,

Cui,

Song

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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From Fluorescence‐Transfer‐Lightening‐Printing‐Assisted Conductive Adhesive Nanocomposite Hydrogels toward Wearable Interactive Optical Information‐Electronic Strain Sensors

Su,

Wang,

Liu

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

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The interactive flexible device, which monitors the human motion in optical and electrical synergistic modes, has attracted growing attention recently. The incorporation of information attribute within the optical signal is deemed advantageous for improving the interactive efficiency. Therefore, the development of wearable optical information‐electronic strain sensors holds substantial promise, but integrating and synergizing various functions and realizing strain‐mediated information transformation keep challenging. Herein, an amylopectin‐modified nanoclay/polyacrylamide‐based nanocomposite hydrogel and an aggregation‐induced‐emission‐active ink are fabricated. Through the fluorescence‐transfer printing of the ink onto the hydrogel film in different strains with nested multiple symbolic information, a wearable interactive fluorescent information‐electronic strain sensor is developed. In the sensor, the nanoclay plays a synergistic “one‐stone‐three‐birds” role, contributing to “lightening” fluorescence (∼80 times emission intensity enhancement), ionic conductivity, and excellent stretchability (> 1000%). The sensor has high biocompatibility, resilience (elastic recovery ratio: 97.8%), and strain sensitivity (gauge factor: 10.9). Additionally, the amylopectin endows the sensor with skin adhesiveness. The sensor can achieve electrical monitoring of human joint movements while displaying interactive fluorescent information transformation. This research poses an efficient strategy to develop multi‐functional materials and provides a general platform for achieving next‐generation interactive devices with prospective applications in wearable devices, human‐machine interfaces, and artificial intelligence.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Conducting polymer hydrogels based on supramolecular strategies for wearable sensors

Sun,

Ou,

Dong

et al. 2024

Exploration

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Conductive polymer hydrogels (CPHs) are gaining considerable attention in developing wearable electronics due to their unique combination of high conductivity and softness. However, in the absence of interactions, the incompatibility between hydrophobic conductive polymers (CPs) and hydrophilic polymer networks gives rise to inadequate bonding between CPs and hydrogel matrices, thereby significantly impairing the mechanical and electrical properties of CPHs and constraining their utility in wearable electronic sensors. Therefore, to endow CPHs with good performance, it is necessary to ensure a stable and robust combination between the hydrogel network and CPs. Encouragingly, recent research has demonstrated that incorporating supramolecular interactions into CPHs enhances the polymer network interaction, improving overall CPH performance. However, a comprehensive review focusing on supramolecular CPH (SCPH) for wearable sensing applications is currently lacking. This review provides a summary of the typical supramolecular strategies employed in the development of high‐performance CPHs and elucidates the properties of SCPHs that are closely associated with wearable sensors. Moreover, the review discusses the fabrication methods and classification of SCPH sensors, while also exploring the latest application scenarios for SCPH wearable sensors. Finally, it discusses the challenges of SCPH sensors and offers suggestions for future advancements.

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Hydrogel-Based Sensors for Human–Machine Interaction

Cited by 9 publications

References 58 publications

A Stretchable and Sweat-Adhesive 3D Graphene Eutectogel Electrode for EMG Monitoring

A Stretchable and Sweat-Adhesive 3D Graphene Eutectogel Electrode for EMG Monitoring

From Fluorescence‐Transfer‐Lightening‐Printing‐Assisted Conductive Adhesive Nanocomposite Hydrogels toward Wearable Interactive Optical Information‐Electronic Strain Sensors

Conducting polymer hydrogels based on supramolecular strategies for wearable sensors

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