Hydrogel-based Chlorella vulgaris extracts: a new topical formulation for wound healing treatment

Melo, Raul Antônio Morais; Andrade, Alexsandra Frazão de; Bezerra, Raquel Pedrosa; Marques, Daniela de Araújo Viana; Silva, Valdemiro Amaro da; Paz, Silvânia Tavares; Filho, José Luiz de Lima; Porto, Ana Lúcia Figueiredo

doi:10.1007/s10811-019-01837-2

Cited by 33 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The antioxidant property of C. vulgaris was also reported in other studies (Aliahmat et al 2012;Makpol et al 2013). A study of the wound healing activity of C. vulgaris extract found that the extract exhibited pro-healing and anti-inflammatory properties, with evidence of wound healing acceleration (de Melo et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Toxicity study of Chlorella vulgaris water extract on female Sprague Dawley rats by using the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Guideline 420

et al. 2020

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Chlorella vulgaris, a coccoid green eukaryotic microalga, is a popular food supplement and has been marketed as a nutritional supplement in Asia. Despite numerous reports on the antioxidant property of this species, its toxic effect has not been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to determine the acute oral toxic effect of C. vulgaris on female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. An acute oral toxicity assessment of C. vulgaris was performed based on the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Guideline 420. These guidelines are divided into a sighting study and a main study. In the sighting study, C. vulgaris extract was administered orally in sequential doses of 5, 50, 300 and 2000 mg kg−1 body weight (BW) with one rat used for each dosage. Clinical observation and mortality were observed for each rat to monitor signs of toxicity for 14 days. BW and relative organ weight (ROW) were recorded. Blood was collected for liver function test (LFT). Gross pathological evaluations were performed after euthanasia of rats. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of the liver and kidney was also performed. The main study was performed based on the highest dose in the sighting study that did not exhibit any signs of toxicity and mortality. For 14 days, clinical observations, BW, and ROW were recorded. Blood from rats in the main study was also measured for LFT, and gross pathological evaluations and H&E staining of the liver and kidney were also performed. The highest dose of 2000 mg kg−1 BW C. vulgaris was used in the main study. No toxicity and mortality were observed in both the sighting study and the main study. Increases in BW were observed in both studies. Gross pathological evaluations showed no signs of organ abnormalities on each organ in the sighting and main studies. The ROW also showed no differences. The values of biochemical parameters in the liver function test showed no differences in the sighting study. However, in the main study, significant decreases in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were observed on day 14 compared with day 0 (p < 0.05). Chlorella vulgaris showed no toxicity at the dose of 2000 mg kg−1 BW. In conclusion, C. vulgaris can be categorized as unclassified according to the Globally Harmonised Classification System (GHS) for chemical substances and mixtures.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Toxicity study of Chlorella vulgaris water extract on female Sprague Dawley rats by using the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Guideline 420

et al. 2020

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“…Sulfated polysaccharides from Chlorella vulgaris exhibited a capacity to prevent the accumulation and activity of free radicals and reactive chemical species, acting as protecting systems against these oxidative and radical stress agents [ 87 ]; in addition, peptides have been shown to reduce the matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression in human skin cell fibroblasts, responsible for the breakdown of collagen [ 88 ]. The fact that a Chlorella vulgaris extract is able to stimulate collagen synthesis in the skin makes it suitable to be used in anti-aging cosmetics, as well as in wound-healing products [ 89 , 90 ].…”

Section: Efficacy Of Algae-containing Formulations On Sensitive Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Ingredients for Sensitive Skin: Market Overview

et al. 2021

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Marine ingredients are a source of new chemical entities with biological action, which is the reason why they have gained relevance in the cosmetic industry. The facial care category is the most relevant in this industry, and within it, the sensitive skin segment occupies a prominent position. This work analyzed the use of marine ingredients in 88 facial cosmetics for sensitive skin from multinational brands, as well as their composition and the scientific evidence that supports their efficacy. Marine ingredients were used in 27% of the cosmetic products for sensitive skin and included the species Laminaria ochroleuca, Ascophyllum nodosum (brown macroalgae), Asparagopsis armata (red macroalgae), and Chlorella vulgaris (microalgae). Carotenoids, polysaccharides, and lipids are the chemical classes highlighted in these preparations. Two ingredients, namely the Ascophyllum nodosum extract and Asparagopsis armata extracts, present clinical evidence supporting their use for sensitive skin. Overall, marine ingredients used in cosmetics for sensitive skin are proposed to reduce skin inflammation and improve the barrier function. Marine-derived preparations constitute promising active ingredients for sensitive skin cosmetic products. Their in-depth study, focusing on the extracted metabolites, randomized placebo-controlled studies including volunteers with sensitive skin, and the use of extraction methods that are more profitable may provide a great opportunity for the cosmetic industry.

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“…Various hydrogel formulations with Chlorella vulgaris extracts were prepared and tested in vivo on Swiss albino mice with induced skin injuries; an antibacterial gel was used as reference [157]. The extracts were characterized in terms of phytochemical profile, exhibiting triterpenes among the active compounds; their topical application revealed pro-healing and anti-inflammatory properties with no atopic or allergic side effects even at high concentrations.…”

Section: Innovative Formulations Containing Wound Healing Triterpenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetracyclic and Pentacyclic Triterpenes with High Therapeutic Efficiency in Wound Healing Approaches

et al. 2020

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Wounds are among the most common skin conditions, displaying a large etiological diversity and being characterized by different degrees of severity. Wound healing is a complex process that involves multiple steps such as inflammation, proliferation and maturation and ends with scar formation. Since ancient times, a widely used option for treating skin wounds are plant- based treatments which currently have become the subject of modern pharmaceutical formulations. Triterpenes with tetracyclic and pentacyclic structure are extensively studied for their implication in wound healing as well as to determine their molecular mechanisms of action. The current review aims to summarize the main results of in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies conducted on lupane, ursane, oleanane, dammarane, lanostane and cycloartane type triterpenes as potential wound healing treatments.

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Hydrogel-based Chlorella vulgaris extracts: a new topical formulation for wound healing treatment

Cited by 33 publications

References 44 publications

Toxicity study of Chlorella vulgaris water extract on female Sprague Dawley rats by using the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Guideline 420

Toxicity study of Chlorella vulgaris water extract on female Sprague Dawley rats by using the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Guideline 420

Marine Ingredients for Sensitive Skin: Market Overview

Tetracyclic and Pentacyclic Triterpenes with High Therapeutic Efficiency in Wound Healing Approaches

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