Hydroformylation with rhodium phosphine-modified catalyst in a microemulsion: comparison of organic and aqueous systems for styrene, cyclohexene and 1,4-diacetoxy-2-butene

Abstract

Use of microemulsion as a reaction media in the hydroformylation of different alkenes, namely styrene, cyclohexene and 1,2-diacetoxy-2-butene have been studied using alkylpolygylcol ether-type nonionic surfactant in the presence of phosphine-modified rhodium catalyst. The combination of the experiments under comparable homogeneous and biphasic conditions were performed in order to make direct comparison of microemulsion with classical systems. Thus, the experiments were also carried out using catalysts such as unmodified rhodium carbonyl H Rh(CO) 4 and H Rh(CO)(PPh 3 ) 3 in homogeneous system, Rh-TPPTS complex in two-phase system and in association with co-solvent.

Insertion and carbonylation reactions of styrene promoted by [HRh(CO)x‐ (PMe3)3−x] (x = 1, 2) compounds: A theoretical investigation

“…, computed at the BP86, MP4(SDQ), and SCS-MP3 levels, we obtain thermodynamical selectivity ratios of (24:76), (27:76), and (30:70), respectively, in favor of the branched metal- alkyl intermediate. That is, all methods predict the selectivity in good agreement with experimental findings that the branched product is formed with 70 -95% of preference [6,43,44]. Table III also shows the energetic results for the CO insertion reaction into the metal-alkyl bond.…”

A Novel Reactive Distillation Process for the Indirect Hydration of Cyclohexene to Cyclohexanol Using a Reactive Entrainer

“…by the Behr group (Dortmund University) and the use of microemulsions to enlarge the surface areas as suggested e.g. by the Schomäcker group (Berlin Technical University) are interesting current topics of research. However, they have not yet been applied to the varying temperatures in distillation columns and are generally not easily available.…”

Analytic Approach for Phase Equilibrium Measurements of the System Non‐Ionic Surfactant/Water/Olefine

“…Aufgrund des unpolaren Charakters langkettiger Olefine ist deren Löslichkeit in polarer Umgebung sehr begrenzt. Die Löslichkeit kann durch den Einsatz eines Cosolvents [1], eines überkritischen Gases [4], einer ionischen Flüssigkeit [5] oder eines Tensids [2,3,6,7] [2,3,6,7]. Somit kann ein kontinuierlicher Prozess mit einem sehr geringen Katalysatorverlust entwickelt werden [12].…”

“…In einem durch den Kahlweit'schen Fisch [8] charakterisierten Temperaturbereich liegen drei koexistierende Phasen vor [8 -10]. Es stehen eine Mikroemulsion [11] [2,3,6,7]. Somit kann ein kontinuierlicher Prozess mit einem sehr geringen Katalysatorverlust entwickelt werden [12].…”