Hydroformylation of alkenes: An industrial view of the status and importance

n‐butane carbonylation to n‐pentanal using a cascade reaction of dehydrogenation and SILP‐catalyzed hydroformylation

“…Many of the aforementioned alkene functionalization reactions involve transition metal complexes with expensive ligand systems so that catalyst recycling and catalyst immobilization strategies are crucial in process economics. 6 In recent years, we and other research groups have established the concept of SILP catalysis as an efficient tool for continuous gas-phase processing of immobilized transition metal catalysts. [7][8][9][10] In SILP systems, a thin film of ionic liquid containing the dissolved catalyst complex is dispersed over the large inner surface of a porous support.…”

“…Ionic liquids have extremely low vapor pressures under industrial operating conditions, and SILP systems have been demonstrated to provide high operational stability in gas contact without the need for structural modification of the ligand by ionic anchor groups. [11][12][13][14][15] In the last 5 years, our joint academic-industrial research team has developed dedicated SILP hydroformylation catalysts that allow conversion of mixed and dilute industrial feeds using diphosphite-based rhodium complexes; SILP systems with the ligands 6,6 0 -((3,3…”

Aqueous/organic biphasic hydroformylation of 1‐octene catalyzed by Co2(CO)8/Ph2P(CH2CH2O)nMe

“…In practice, with HCo(CO) 4 as catalyst, higher olefins are hydroformylated under harsh reaction conditions (150–200 °C, 20–30 MPa), and the cobalt metal recovery is achieved either by oxidation (BASF), or by chemical transition (Exxon), each requiring catalyst regeneration. In the Shell low‐pressure process (<10 MPa), HCo(CO) 3 PR 3 catalyst is used, and catalyst separation is achieved by vacuum distillation at high temperature, an energy‐costing process . To solve the recovery of homogeneous cobalt catalyst in the hydroformylation of higher olefins, liquid/liquid biphasic or solid heterogeneous catalytic systems were exploited, but to our knowledge none of them has been applied industrially.…”

Synthesis of indolizidines from optically pure α‐amino acids via stereocontrolled rhodium‐catalyzed hydroformylation of N‐allylpyrroles

“…The rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation of olefins is an important industrial tool for the production of aldehydes. 20,21 During the last few years, the oxo process also has been used in the synthesis of fine chemicals especially integrated in multistep domino reaction sequences, which are a very convenient approach to complex architectures in one simple, safe, environmentally acceptable, and resource-effective operation. [22][23][24][25] The mechanistic as well as synthetic implications of the oxo reaction involving vinyl and allyl aromatic and heteroaromatic olefins have been a topic of our research for many years; [26][27][28][29][30][31] in this case, the rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation is used by us in the total synthesis of target compounds 32,33 and as a key reaction in a domino process.…”