Hydroformylation in supercritical carbon dioxide: Catalysis and benign solvents

High-pressure phase diagram of the drug mitotane in compressed and/or supercritical CO2

“…In general, solubility data in supercritical fluids can be used in diversified fields such as extraction, reaction, particle formation, and materials processing [6][7][8][9]. The methods used for measuring the solubility of organic solids in supercritical fluids may be classified into four different categories: (1) dynamic, (2) static, (3) chromatographic, and (4) spectroscopic methods [10].…”

Synthesis of Supported Mesoporous Catalysts Using Supercritical CO2

“…• The use of organo-transition metal complexes as homogeneous catalysts for reactions in SCF and biphasic systems [45][46][47][48] • Extraction of heavy metals from various matrices with SCF [49][50][51] • Synthesis of inorganic powders with controlled size distribution by decomposition of organometallic complexes in SCF [52][53][54][55][56] • Impregnation of polymers with different metal complexes and the subsequent transformation of the metal precursor within such matrices [57][58][59][60][61][62] • Incorporation of metallic nanoparticles in porous inorganic and carbonaceous substrates by deposition of SCF [63][64][65] This chapter focuses on the last point, in order to contribute to developing the incorporation of metallic active phases in porous substrates by dissolving organometallic complexes in sc-CO 2 .…”

Cyclic operation of a semi-batch reactor for the hydroformylation of long-chain olefins and integration in a continuous production process

“…The solver needs to determine j SBR H 2 and j SBR CO to maximize selectivity towards the linear aldehyde while simultaneously minimizing the deviation from the desired terminal liquid hold-up of the flash buffer tank and ensuring Eq. (16)(17)(18)(19). As a consequence, convergence of the RSBR-process to an optimal cyclic steady-state not only requires accurate knowledge of the underlying reaction network but also precise control of the reaction conditions.…”

“…The chosen solvent system must provide adequate solubility of the components, good separability, and easy recovery of the expensive catalyst complex to ensure an economically profitable process. Walter [11] provides a good overview of different solvents including thermomorphic multicomponent solvent systems [4], micellar solvent (MLS) systems [12,13], ionic liquids [14], gas-expanded liquids [15] and supercritical carbon dioxide [16].…”

“…As initial conditions for the first process cycle, are chosen analogous to the case studies of the steady-state model. For subsequent process cycles, the initial conditions are dependent on the Idle stage and the amount of fresh substrate which is calculated in the previous process cycle in accordance with Eq (16)(17)(18)(19)…”