Abstract:In this lecture note, we present several topics on relativistic hydrodynamics
and its application to relativistic heavy ion collisions. In the first part we
give a brief introduction to relativistic hydrodynamics in the context of heavy
ion collisions. In the second part we present the formalism and some
fundamental aspects of relativistic ideal and viscous hydrodynamics. In the
third part, we start with some basic checks of the fundamental observables
followed by discussion of collective flow, in particular e… Show more
“…We take the formation time of the QGP to be τ 0 = 0.6 fm and τ 0 = 0.3 fm at RHIC and LHC, respectively, compatible with hydrodynamic studies [29].…”
We calculate the lowest order charm and beauty parton distribution functions in and fragmentation functions into D and B mesons using the operator definitions of factorized perturbative QCD. In the vacuum, we find the leading corrections that arise from the structure of the final-state hadrons. Quark-antiquark potentials extracted from the lattice are employed to demonstrate the existence of open heavy flavor bound-state solutions in the QGP in the vicinity of the critical temperature. We provide first results for the in-medium modification of the heavy quark distribution and decay probabilities in a co-moving plasma. In an improved perturbative QCD description of heavy flavor dynamics in the thermal medium, we combine D and B meson formation and dissociation with parton-level charm and beauty quark quenching to obtain predictions for the heavy meson and non-photonic electron suppression in Cu+Cu and Pb+Pb collisions at RHIC and the LHC, respectively.
“…We take the formation time of the QGP to be τ 0 = 0.6 fm and τ 0 = 0.3 fm at RHIC and LHC, respectively, compatible with hydrodynamic studies [29].…”
We calculate the lowest order charm and beauty parton distribution functions in and fragmentation functions into D and B mesons using the operator definitions of factorized perturbative QCD. In the vacuum, we find the leading corrections that arise from the structure of the final-state hadrons. Quark-antiquark potentials extracted from the lattice are employed to demonstrate the existence of open heavy flavor bound-state solutions in the QGP in the vicinity of the critical temperature. We provide first results for the in-medium modification of the heavy quark distribution and decay probabilities in a co-moving plasma. In an improved perturbative QCD description of heavy flavor dynamics in the thermal medium, we combine D and B meson formation and dissociation with parton-level charm and beauty quark quenching to obtain predictions for the heavy meson and non-photonic electron suppression in Cu+Cu and Pb+Pb collisions at RHIC and the LHC, respectively.
“…The calculation of bulk thermodynamic observables has been established on the lattice, and the approach has uncovered various properties of the quark-gluon-plasma (QGP), such as its transition temperature, order of the transition, and the equation of state (EOS). The lattice results are indispensable to understand the QGP created in heavy-ion collision experiments as inputs of the hydrodynamical description of QGP space-time evolution [1]. In the last decade, the dynamical quark effects in QCD thermodynamics on lattices have been studied in detail.…”
We study the thermodynamics of the SU(3) gauge theory using the fixed-scale approach with shifted boundary conditions. The fixed-scale approach can reduce the numerical cost of the zerotemperature part in the equation of state calculations, while the number of possible temperatures is limited by the integer N t , which represents the temporal lattice extent. The shifted boundary conditions can overcome such a limitation while retaining the advantages of the fixed-scale approach. Therefore, our approach enables the investigation of not only the equation of state in detail, but also the calculation of the critical temperature with increased precision even with the fixed-scale approach. We also confirm numerically that the boundary conditions suppress the lattice artifact of the equation of state, which has been confirmed in the non-interacting limit. * tumeda@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
“…Relativistic hydrodynamics is very well suited for the description of the collective phase of the fireball expansion [14,16,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37]. Assuming local thermal equilibration, perfect fluid hydrodynamics can be used.…”
Hydrodynamic expansion of the hot fireball created in relativistic Au-Au collisions at √ s = 200GeV in 3 + 1-dimensions is studied. We obtain a simultaneous, satisfactory description of the transverse momentum spectra, elliptic flow and pion correlation radii for different collision centralities and different rapidities. Early initial time of the evolution is required to reproduce the interferometry data, which provides a strong indication of the early onset of collectivity. We can also constraint the shape of the initial energy density in the beam direction, with a relatively high initial energy density at the center of the fireball.
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