“…In particular, usage of ethanol in fuel cells is attractive because it can be easily handled, has a low toxicity profile and can be produced in different countries from their agricultural products; as a result, research into Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells (DEFCs) is a fundamental topic for alternative energy sources [2]. To date, different features of these devices have been investigated, such as the suitable electrolytic membrane, the appropriate anodic and cathodic electrocatalysts, and flow field designs [1][2][3] Modeling and simulation have been used extensively in the past two decades to investigate the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells [3][4][5][6][7]. The sheer complexity of PEM fuel cell operation continues to drive the development of increasingly sophisticated approaches, also made possible by the widespread availability of high-performance computing resources.…”