Hydrodynamic modelling of recreational water quality using Escherichia coli as an indicator of microbial contamination

Eregno, Fasil Ejigu; Tryland, Ingun; Tjomsland, Torulv; Kempa, Magdalena; Heistad, Arve

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.04.006

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Studies from the Norwalk river in Connecticut, USA (Crosby et al, 2019 ) and Göta älv river, Southwestern Sweden (Tornevi et al, 2014 ) both illustrate a significant positive relationship between the levels of fecal pollution indicators (such as E. coli ) and precipitation. Studies carried out in rivers, creeks and estuaries in western Australia (Masters et al, 2011 ) and at beach sites in the Oslo fjord, Norway (Eregno et al, 2018 ) also showed strong links between precipitation and elevated levels of E. coli in the water. The combination of wet weather with heavy precipitation (when tourists tend to make more use of indoor facilities) and high visitor numbers in the area may explain the peak loads of E. coli that were found occasionally (especially in August which is the top tourist season) at Enkroken in the IWCA monitoring program since 1993.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Fecal indicator organisms in northern oligotrophic rivers: An explorative study on Escherichia coli prevalence in a mountain region with intense tourism and reindeer herding

Maes

Odlare

Jönsson

2022

Environ Monit Assess

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Increasing pollution levels in waters from remote mountain areas in northern Sweden have been observed. To support a sustainable water quality management, it is necessary to know which environmental and antrophogenic factors influence the water quality. The purpose of this study was to map the Escherichia coli prevalence in the catchment area of the upper part of a large northern Scandinavian river and investigate the controlling factors of microbial contamination. A total of 112 water samples were collected from various locations in the research area between July 2020 and December 2020. These samples were analyzed for microbial and chemical characteristics, and information about tourism and reindeer herding was compiled. Additionally, microbial and physicochemical water characteristics collected by Indalsälven Water Conservation Association (IWCA, 1993–2020) and Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI, 2004–2020) were analyzed. The results showed that E. coli enumerations ranged between 0 and 500 CFU/100 ml. There was generally no obvious relation between suspected point sources, e.g., sewage treatment plants at mountain stations, and E. coli levels at downstream sampling points. Principal component analysis showed that E. coli was correlated to coliforms, total heterotrophic count, river discharge, CODMn and river color. Since microbial analyses are time-consuming, expensive and difficult to perform in remote areas, it is important to find more easily extracted water parameters that can serve as a proxy for E. coli. In particular, river color and discharge are promising parameters that may serve as an early indication of bacterial outbreak and fecal contamination in mountain waters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Fecal indicator organisms in northern oligotrophic rivers: An explorative study on Escherichia coli prevalence in a mountain region with intense tourism and reindeer herding

Maes

Odlare

Jönsson

2022

Environ Monit Assess

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“…Thus, the essential role of the microbiome within the environmental structure can be studied and associated in relation to normal or perturbed ecological conditions (Glasl et al, 2017;Astudillo-García et al, 2019). Consequently, microbiomes have been used to assess the impact of climate change in highly sensitives ecosystems, such as agricultural soils (Schloter et al, 2018), coral reefs (Glasl et al, 2017), and fjords (Gutiérrez et al, 2015;Eregno et al, 2018). Microbial communities respond rapidly to environmental changes, making them a potential tool to complement current monitoring systems (Glasl et al, 2017;Rocca et al, 2020).…”

Section: Microbial Indicators Of Environmental Changes In the Patagonia Fjordsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Estuarine Water on the Microbial Community Structure of Patagonian Fjords

et al. 2021

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Fjords are sensitive areas affected by climate change and can act as a natural laboratory to study microbial ecological processes. The Chilean Patagonian fjords (41–56°S), belonging to the Subantarctic ecosystem (46–60°S), make up one of the world’s largest fjord systems. In this region, Estuarine Water (EW) strongly influences oceanographic conditions, generating sharp gradients of oxygen, salinity and nutrients, the effects of which on the microbial community structure are poorly understood. During the spring of 2017 we studied the ecological patterns (dispersal and oceanographic factors) underlying the microbial community distribution in a linear span of 450 km along the estuarine-influenced Chilean Patagonian fjords. Our results show that widespread microbial dispersion existed along the fjords where bacterioplankton exhibited dependence on the eukaryotic phytoplankton community composition. This dependence was particularly observed under the low chlorophyll-a conditions of the Baker Channel area, in which a significant relationship was revealed between SAR11 Clade III and the eukaryotic families Pyrenomonadaceae (Cryptophyte) and Coccomyxaceae (Chlorophyta). Furthermore, dissolved oxygen and salinity were revealed as the main drivers influencing the surface marine microbial communities in these fjords. A strong salinity gradient resulted in the segregation of the Baker Channel prokaryotic communities from the rest of the Patagonian fjords. Likewise, Microbacteriaceae, Burkholderiaceae and SAR11 Clade III, commonly found in freshwater, were strongly associated with EW conditions in these fjords. The direct effect of EW on the microbial community structure and diversity of the fjords exemplifies the significance that climate change and, in particular, deglaciation have on this marine region and its productivity.

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“…Ward et al (2020) found that in the dry season of Malawi, 18% of handpumped boreholes showed contamination, which increase to 21% in the wet season. Eregno et al (2018) concluded that microbial contamination of recreational beaches is often at its worst after heavy rainfall events due to storm floods that carry fecal matter and other pollutants from the watershed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal quality of water sources indicated by Escherichia coli: a case of Elobied, North Kordofan state, Sudan

Edam¹,

Abdelgalil

2022

Appl Water Sci

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Sudan is rich of water resources; however, the seasonal quality of water sources is largely unknown particularly in North Kordofan region. This study was designed to test the seasonal (winter, summer and autumn) quality of water sources in El Obied, North Kordofan State, Sudan. A number of 261 water samples (87 samples per season) were collected from Hafirs (excavated either by hand or machine and used for storage of surface water), Gerab (big water containers made from plastic and used to store water at homes), hand pumps, distribution network, households’ containers and elevated water tanks in 2014/2015. Membrane filtration technique was used to investigate water samples. Escherichia coli or E. coli count was performed according to WHO and Sudanese Standards and Measurement Operation. The results illustrated that all samples collected showed positive results of E. coli which indicate poor water quality in the region. Proportion of contamination was highest in Hafirs, Gerabs and household containers across seasons. Hafirs samples were 100% contaminated across seasons. In autumn, Gerab and household containers samples showed 60% and 58% contaminated samples. In the summer season, the results showed 54% of Gerab, and 50% of the households’ containers were contaminated. In winter season, prevalence of E. coli revealed that 67% of households’ containers and 58% of Gerabs samples were contaminated. Greater contamination (60%) of the water sources was indicated in autumn followed by (55%) in winter and (51%) in summer season. Results showed significant contamination of water sources across seasons. Results indicated that elevated water tanks and hand pumps (groundwater sources) were safe compared with surface water source. The study recommended regular test to water sources across seasons to protect human and animal life.

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Hydrodynamic modelling of recreational water quality using Escherichia coli as an indicator of microbial contamination

Cited by 17 publications

References 30 publications

Fecal indicator organisms in northern oligotrophic rivers: An explorative study on Escherichia coli prevalence in a mountain region with intense tourism and reindeer herding

Fecal indicator organisms in northern oligotrophic rivers: An explorative study on Escherichia coli prevalence in a mountain region with intense tourism and reindeer herding

Influence of Estuarine Water on the Microbial Community Structure of Patagonian Fjords

Seasonal quality of water sources indicated by Escherichia coli: a case of Elobied, North Kordofan state, Sudan

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