Hydrodynamic mode selection due to the electrocapillary effect: the mercury beating heart in neutral and basic solutions

Olson, John R.; Ursenbach, Charles P.; Birss, Viola I.; Laidlaw, W. G.

doi:10.1021/j100362a022

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…5 In our experiments with a single oscillator in a watch glass geometry, we find that potentials of the W tip with ∆ ca. -1000 mV favor concentric modes whereas low potentials with ∆ below -1300 mV select the deformation modes with 2-, 3-, and 4-fold symmetry axis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…4 In subsequent investigations, it was demonstrated that a number of different modes can be observed if one replaces the corroding iron nail by a tungsten tip and applies an adjustable voltage source instead of the fixed potential of the iron electrode. 5 These modes which comprise excitations with 2-, 3-, 4-, and 6-fold symmetry axes and also irregular motions have been termed hydrodynamic modes because they appear to be determined by the fluid mechanical properties of the mercury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrodynamic Modes of the “Beating Mercury Heart” in Varying Geometries

Smolin

Imbihl

1996

J. Phys. Chem.

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A mercury drop covered by an aqueous solution which is brought into contact with a metal tip at a fixed potential can be excited to sustained electromechanical oscillations ("beating mercury heart"). The driving force for these pulsations is the electrocapillary effect. We investigated these excitations for the traditional watch glass geometry and for linear and ring-shaped geometries with different lengths and diameters, respectively, varying the potential of the metal tip. We find standing waves in the linear geometry with the number of nodes depending on the potential. In the ring geometry we observe a fast pulsation mode and a slow mode with 2-fold symmetry axis. In addition, we find solitary waves circulating on the ring.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamic Modes of the “Beating Mercury Heart” in Varying Geometries

Smolin

Imbihl

1996

J. Phys. Chem.

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“…[108][109][110] In the other system,i nstead of the electrical connection,aHg droplet and oxidant crystal, for example, K 2 Cr 2 O 7 ,a re separately immersed into acidic solution with as mall spacing. One is the mercury droplets ystem in which am ercury dropleta nd Fe wire are placed in aH 2 SO 4 solution and connected through ap otentiometer.I nt he primary beatingm ercury heart system,g eometry of aH gd roplet peri-odically changes in time and is synchronized with the redox reaction between Hg and Fe.…”

Section: Self-propelleddropletsc Oupled With Chemical Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One is the mercury droplets ystem in which am ercury dropleta nd Fe wire are placed in aH 2 SO 4 solution and connected through ap otentiometer.I nt he primary beatingm ercury heart system,g eometry of aH gd roplet peri-odically changes in time and is synchronized with the redox reaction between Hg and Fe. [108][109][110] In the other system,i nstead of the electrical connection,aHg droplet and oxidant crystal, for example, K 2 Cr 2 O 7 ,a re separately immersed into acidic solution with as mall spacing. In this case, the Hg droplets hows spontaneous movement, the behavior of whichd epends on chemicalc omponent of the acid, that is, attractive to the crystal in H 2 SO 4 and an amoeba like crawling motion in HNO 3 .…”

Section: Self-propelleddropletsc Oupled With Chemical Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Self‐Propelled Objects: From the Viewpoint of Nonlinear Science

Suematsu

Nakata

2018

Chemistry A European J

103

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A variety of moving objects driven by chemical energy have been reported. In this Minireview, we focus on self-propelled objects driven by interfacial tension and explain three types of basic mechanisms for such self-propelled motion, that is, driven by a) surface tension difference, b) contact angle difference, and c) axisymmetric swirling flow in a droplet. Simple behavior induced from the basic mechanisms is then extended by coupling to a chemical reaction or increasing the number of moving objects. Even though the chemicals used here are still simple, the extended systems could show characteristic nonlinear behavior, such as reciprocating motion, oscillatory motion, and spatiotemporal pattern formation. Combining the dynamical information about these characteristic motions with the knowledge of molecular structures will lead to the development of more advanced self-propelled objects. We believe this Minireview can help chemists in investigating self-propelled objects displaying various functional motions observed in a biological system.

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“…Inserting the measured dependence shown before that oscillations of the mercury beating heart can be driven by externally imposed electrical oscillations 18,19 . Analogously, we have driven the system externally (Fig.…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Untitled

Maiworm¹,

Markus²

2005

ScienceAsia

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A drop of a solution of potassium dichromate and sulphuric acid was placed on the surface of mercury around an iron needle immersed in the mercury. We observed circular, as well as irregularly swirling oscillations of this drop. We could explain this phenomenon as follows. Electrochemical oscillations occur at the iron-solution interface; these cause oscillations of the potential at the drop's bottom, and thus of the drop' s shape by virtue of electrocapillarity. Our measurements allowed us to determine the surface tension and the capacity of the double-layer at the mercury-solution interface, as functions of voltage. We observed and explain a much faster electrical loading, as compared to the unloading, of the double-layer. Furthermore, we observed a negative differential electrical capacity.

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Hydrodynamic mode selection due to the electrocapillary effect: the mercury beating heart in neutral and basic solutions

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Hydrodynamic Modes of the “Beating Mercury Heart” in Varying Geometries

Hydrodynamic Modes of the “Beating Mercury Heart” in Varying Geometries

Evolution of Self‐Propelled Objects: From the Viewpoint of Nonlinear Science

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