Hydrodynamic effects in trickle bed laboratory reactors for hydrodesulphurization and hydrodemetallization of heavy feeds

Garcia, W.; Pazos, Jose M.

doi:10.1016/0009-2509(82)80024-9

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The above results indicate that if a diluent size of 0.19 mm or smaller is used, it could eliminate the shortcomings of a microreactor for testing catalyst in commercially applied shape and process conditions. It has been established by previous researchers that use of 0.2−0.5 mm of diluent can remove all the limitations of a bench scale unit in testing commercial shaped catalyst. ,− Thus, the results obtained from the bench scale reactor containing 100 mL of catalyst and diluted with 0.19 mm of particles were considered as the reference data for gauging the performance of the microreactor. The performances of the microreactor using 5 mL of commercial catalyst and diluent of 0.19 mm size were compared with those obtained from a bench scale unit using 100 mL of catalyst.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effective solution that is recommended and widely accepted to handle the problem in testing commercial catalyst in small-scale reactors, is to use the catalyst in original form but diluted with nonporous, inert particles or fines. A number of researchers have studied on the use of fine diluent in small-scale reactors and have attempted to overcome these drawbacks. − However, most of these studies have been restricted to bench scale reactors where about 50−100 mL of catalysts were used. Only few studies are available providing information on the effect of diluent size on a microreactor performance while testing as low as 5 mL of catalyst of commercially applied size and shape .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies on the Performance of a Microscale Trickle Bed Reactor Using Different Sizes of Diluent

et al. 2000

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The microscale trickle bed reactor can be used for testing commercial size catalyst, if its inherent limitations, such as channeling, wall effect, and backmixing, are overcome by diluting the catalyst bed with a nonporous inert particles of suitable size. The effect of diluent size on the performance of a microscale trickle bed reactor, catalyst bed height, as well as on operating liquid holdup at different liquid hourly space velocities, has been studied in the present investigation. The proper size of diluent, which may be used for testing as low as 5 mL of commercial catalyst in a microreactor, has been identified experimentally. The results on the hydrodesulfurization of atmospheric gas oil obtained in the microreactor, using the suitable size of diluent were compared with the data generated in a bench scale unit. The activation energy calculated from both microreactor and bench-scale reactor rate data was 21 and 25 kcal/mol, respectively.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the Performance of a Microscale Trickle Bed Reactor Using Different Sizes of Diluent

et al. 2000

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“…Various researchers have studied the use of diluents in small reactors and they have attemped to overcome these problems. − However, most of these studies have been restricted to bench scale reactors where about 50−100 mL of catalysts were used. The problem with these systems is that new catalyst formulations are not available in large quantity, and the amount of catalyst involved in experimental tests must be small .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Performance of Upflow and Downflow Small-Reactors in Hydrodesulfurization Reactions

et al. 2001

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An experimental study for comparing the behavior of a small-reactor in the hydrodesulfurization of straight-run gas oil with two modes of operation, upflow and downflow, is presented. The reactor has 525 mm length and 14.3 mm internal diameter. Experiments were conducted at commercial HDS operating conditions (5.3 MPa total pressure, 356.2 mL/mL hydrogen-to-oil ratio, reaction temperature of 613−653 K, and LHSV of 1.0−2.5 h-1). All tests were carried out over a commercial NiMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. The effect of different catalyst-to-diluent ratios on the sulfur removal was also studied. The results of SRGO hydrodesulfurization showed that upflow with a 50/50 vol % catalyst-to-diluent ratio is the best system to avoid external gradients and other effects such as poor wetting of catalyst, axial dispersion, wall effects, and flow maldistribution. Apparent activation energies were determined for upflow and downflow modes of operation with and without diluent.

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General criteria to analyze the role of mass transfer and hydrodynamics in trickle‐bed reactors

1996

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General simple criteria to predict and analyze the influence on trickle-bed reactors behavior of three phenomena, namely, plug flow deviations, external wetting efficiency and external mass transfer resistance, are developed. Criteria predictions are compared with results arising from a comprehensive mathematical model widely employed to describe trickle-bed reactors behavior and with other particular criteria reported in the literature. Present criteria applications to different sets of experimental data exemplify their practical utility for various actual situations and verify their validity. Besides, they constitute simple tools to diagnose detrimental effects on trickle-bed reactors operation.

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Hydrodynamic effects in trickle bed laboratory reactors for hydrodesulphurization and hydrodemetallization of heavy feeds

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Studies on the Performance of a Microscale Trickle Bed Reactor Using Different Sizes of Diluent

Studies on the Performance of a Microscale Trickle Bed Reactor Using Different Sizes of Diluent

Comparison of the Performance of Upflow and Downflow Small-Reactors in Hydrodesulfurization Reactions

General criteria to analyze the role of mass transfer and hydrodynamics in trickle‐bed reactors

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