Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Modeling of Lake Mariout (Nile Delta, Northern Egypt)

El-Naggar, Naglaa A.; Rifaat, Ahmed E.

doi:10.1007/698_2017_132

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 14 publications

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“…1, that are dissected by railroads, embankments and highways connecting Alexandria with the desert areas around it and with Cairo. The four basins are interconnected with each other by several breaches in the dykes of El-Umoum Drain and El-Nubaria Canal (EEAA 2011;Khalil et al 2013;El-Naggar and Rifaat 2017). The four basins are:…”

Section: Study Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of heavy metal pollution in water and its effect on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Mediterranean Lakes: a case study at Mariout Lake

et al. 2022

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Mariout Lake is one of the Northern Nile-Delta Lakes in Egypt that receives agricultural, industrial and domestic effluents through several drains. The present study aims to evaluate the levels of some heavy metals (HMs) in water and edible parts of Oreochromis niloticus in Mariout Lake, in addition to studying several pollution indices and potential human health risks. The levels of the studied HMs in water were in the order of Fe > Zn > Mn > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cd. However, results of the pollution index, that concerns the effect of individual metal, concluded that Cd and Pb in water had serious pollution effects for aquatic life, while Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn had not any pollution effects at different locations in the lake. The indices of the composite effects of all HMs (Metal Index and Heavy Metal Pollution Index) indicated the high pollution of Mariout Lake water, which may cause adverse effects on fish and different aquatic organisms. On the other side, the bioaccumulation factors of HMs in edible parts of O. niloticus were in the order of Zn > Cd > Cu > Ni > Pb > Mn > Fe. Although the target hazard quotient for all metals was less than the non-hazardous limit (THQ < 1), the non-carcinogenic hazard index (HI = 1.24) was classified in the moderate hazard risk level (1 < HI < 10) indicating low potential adverse effects on the exposed population due to consumption of O. niloticus caught from Mariout Lake.

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Section: Study Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of heavy metal pollution in water and its effect on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Mediterranean Lakes: a case study at Mariout Lake

et al. 2022

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Water quality and trophic status of Lake Mariut in Egypt and its drainage water after 8-year diversion

Shaaban

2022

Environ Monit Assess

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Water resource management and lake rehabilitation are global interest, to overcome the acute water scarcity facing most urban areas, especially in developing countries. Lake Mariut (LM) is an Egyptian lake that lies south of the Mediterranean Sea, and its management had a great interest in Alexandria’s future development and as a part of the environmental sustainability of the Mediterranean basin. LM consists of 4 major basins, namely, main (MB), northwest (NWB), southwest (SWB), and fishery (FB). The MB has deteriorated as it consistently received (sewage and industrial) wastewaters till 2010. This was the date of diversion of the polluting sources as a rehabilitation step. The present work is made after elapsing 8 years from the diversion and aims at monitoring and assessing the status of the water quality not only of MB but also for the other 3 basins too. This was carried out twice, one in cold winter and the other in warm summer. The parameters studied were physico-chemical including water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen/hydrogen sulfide (DO/H2S), salinity, and chlorophyll a besides nutrient salts (nitrogen, N and phosphorus, P compounds). The results revealed that the waters of both MB and SWB basins were depleted in DO to a level difficult to sustain fish life and showed elevated levels of most nutrient salts. Trophically, all the studied basins were in eutrophic-hypereutrophic condition. As a result of pollution source diversion away from MB to be discharged in the downstream part of Umum Drain (UD), the levels of TN and TP entering Mex Bay through UD were slightly higher than the permissible limit and lower than dangerous loading. The applying of principle component analysis (PCA)-based classification approach, for obtaining the WQI on the current study, revealed that the FB, NWB, and SWB2000 showed a relatively good water quality when compared with MB. The depletion in the vital DO is catastrophic and needs urgent solution/s. One of the proposed solutions is the dredging of bottom spoiled organic-rich sediments. This and other suggested solutions are, however, discussed, evaluated, and presented.

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Anomalous Fluctuation of Halogens in Relation to the Pollution Status along Lake Mariout, Egypt

El‐Said

Zokm

El-Sayed

et al. 2020

Journal of Chemistry

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This paper aimed to study the anomalous fluctuation of halogens with respect to the pollution status in surface water (w), pore water (p), and sediments (s) of Lake Mariout. It provided a framework for understanding the distribution of dissolved and precipitated halogen salts related to the pollution status of the lake. The study cleared out that bromide was only the most abundant halogen in the three studied partitions. On contrast, sediment’s partition contained the lowest chloride content. Fluoride minerals, especially, fluorapatites and carbonate-fluorapatite (FAP and CFAP), had high Saturation Index (SI) values in surface water (42.77–51.95 and 16.04–60.89, respectively) and in pore water (51.26–54.60 and 17.52–78.33, respectively). Bromide and chloride were mainly found in the soluble forms in the surface water and pore waters. Iodide salts, (Ca(IO3)2 and Ca(IO3)2.6H2O), were moderately precipitated in surface and pore waters. Thus, SI content reflected that halogens, especially fluoride and iodide, played a vital role in reducing lake pollution. Fluorite (CaF2) and sellaïte (MgF2) could only be formed in pore water, while calcite and aragonite could be deposited from surface water. In addition, Cl was mainly found in the forms of NaCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, and KCl in surface and pore waters. The multivariate analysis revealed that fluoride precipitate may serve in decreasing the dissolved salt pollution. Multivariate analysis showed that in the long run, the fluoride precipitation in FAP and CFAP can significantly adsorb and absorb various pollutants and can protect the lake from pollution. The ecological risk assessment conducted by calculating the enrichment factor (EF) showed that the lake was still unpolluted. Regarding human health risks, at appropriate levels of human health and safety, the hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) of halogens found to be lower than these reported levels. Hence, ingestion and dermal absorption routes of halogens by surface water and sediments did not pose any adverse effects to population reflecting uncontaminated status of Lake Mariout.

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Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Modeling of Lake Mariout (Nile Delta, Northern Egypt)

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Assessment of heavy metal pollution in water and its effect on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Mediterranean Lakes: a case study at Mariout Lake

Assessment of heavy metal pollution in water and its effect on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Mediterranean Lakes: a case study at Mariout Lake

Water quality and trophic status of Lake Mariut in Egypt and its drainage water after 8-year diversion

Anomalous Fluctuation of Halogens in Relation to the Pollution Status along Lake Mariout, Egypt

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