Hydrodistillation and simultaneous hydrodistillation-steam distillation of Rosmarinus officinalis and Origanum compactum: Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effect of the essential oils

Simultaneous Hydrodistillation-Steam Distillation of Rosmarinus officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia and Citrus aurantium from Morocco, Major Terpenes: Impact on Biological Activities

“…In the present work, the sample Ro:La:Ca (2/3:1/6:1/6) had the lowest IC 50 value (0.03 mg/mL) and the closest to the positive control, galantamine (IC 50 = 0.001 mg/mL) [29]. The samples Ro:La, Ro:Ca and La:Ca had good enzymatic inhibitor effects (IC 50 = 0.05 mg/mL, 0.07 mg/mL and 0.06 mg/mL, respectively), followed by the remaining tertiary combined EOs Ro:La:Ca (1/3:1/3:1/3) with IC 50 = 0.08 mg/mL; poorer activity was measured for the individual EOs Ro [29], La, and Ca, with IC 50 = 0.34, 0.44, and 2.87 mg/mL, respectively. Limonene and 1,8-cineole had good inhibitory activities when compared with the other terpenes (IC 50 = 0.08 and 0.18 mg/mL, respectively).…”

“…The best nitric oxide radical scavenging capacity was detected for the Ca EO (Table 3) and the IC 50 value estimated was closer to the chosen positive control curcumin (0.25 mg/mL and 0.01 mg/mL, respectively) [29] than the remaining EOs, or their major compounds. The IC 50 values found for Ca EO was followed by those of Ro:La:Ca (1/6:1/6:2/3) (1.12 mg/mL) and La:Ca (1/2:1/2) (1.56 mg/mL).…”

“…Superoxide anions radical scavenging activity was significantly higher for samples Ro:La:Ca (1/6:1/6:2/3) (IC 50 = 1.39 mg/mL), yet were still inferior to the positive control Lascorbic acid activity [29], succeeded by less effective samples, such as Ro [29], Ca, Ro:La:Ca (1/6:2/3:1/6), and La:Ca (1/2:1/2) within IC 50 values higher than 2 mg/mL but lower than 3.5 mg/mL, while the IC 50 value for the Ro:La:Ca (1/3:1/3:1/3) EO was higher than 10 mg/mL (Table 3). The remaining samples (Ro, Ro:La, Ro:Ca, and Ro:La:Ca (2/3:1/6:1/6)) had a weak superoxide anion scavenging effect for a final concentration of 7-15 mg/mL that scavenged only 4% to 17% of the free radicals (Figure 3D1).…”

“…3). They were much lower, at least 6500 times less active, than the positive control (ascorbic acid) [29]. The remaining EOs extracted by simultaneous hydrodistillation-steam distillation had a very weak inhibitor capacity and they barely scavenged 26% to 40% of H 2 O 2 for a concentration equal to 46 mg/mL, as shown in Figure 3B1.…”

“…The concentrations of EOs from the individual plants and their combinations able to scavenge 50% of free radical are presented in Table 3. The combinations Ro:Ca, La:Ca, and Ro:La:Ca (1/6:1/6:2/3) exhibited the highest inhibition effects, with an IC 50 inferior to 1 mg/mL, but were higher than of that of the positive control butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) [29]. The activities found cannot be attributed to the single compounds present in the EOs since their IC 50 values were higher than the EOs.…”