Hydrodesulfurization of jet fuel by pre-saturated one-liquid-flow technology for mobile fuel cell applications

Desulphurization of kerosene: Pervaporation of benzothiophene/n-dodecane mixtures

“…In Table 1 various jet fuels and their compounds are listed. The typical sulphur content of Jet A1 in the EU is about 700 ppmw (0.07 wt.%) but depending on the source of crude oil the sulphur content in Jet A1 can also be much higher [15].…”

“…Peters et al evaluated desulphurization processes with respect to their application in fuel cell auxiliary power units (APUs). Among various processes like adsorption, extraction with ionic liquids, selective oxidation and pervaporation a two step concept of pervaporation combined with an adsorption process was considered as a very promising approach [15,21].…”

“…Typical sulphur compounds in jet fuels are alkylated thiophenes, e.g. C2-and C3-thiophenes, benzothiophene and also alkylated benzothiophenes [14,15].…”

Fabrication of polyimide hollow fiber membrane with well‐defined adsorption channels and binding sites for organics separation

“…The nascent polyamide acid (PAA) in solution state can be obtained following the steps shown in experimental section. Then the PAA hollow fiber membranes are prepared by a dry–wet spinning process, which involves the classical “phase inversion” process . The continuous filaments from the spinneret are immersed into the water coagulating bath.…”

“…Other typical target molecules such as human immunoglobulin (HIgG) , lactoferrin , viruses , DNA , and so forth have also been reported. And a variety of matrix materials including modified cellulose, chitosan, nylon, polysufone(PSf), polyether sulfone (PES), modified polyethylene, ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVAL), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and so forth have been developed for the membrane chromatography . Vogel et al discussed the large‐scale manufacturing platform with membrane chromatography as the core for complex biopharmaceuticals.…”