Hydrocracking Prehydrogenated Shale Oil

Cottingham, P.L.; Carpenter, H.C.

doi:10.1021/i260022a010

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Properties are characteristic of typical surface-retorted Colorado shale oils (5,7,11,12,13). Table II gives properties of fractions of the shale oil from a small-scale batch distillation.…”

Section: Pretreatment Of Raw Shale Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, as produced from a retort, shale oil is too high in nitrogen, sulfur, and arsenic content to allow direct utilization as a fuel in most current applications. The goals of many research groups over the years have been to reduce the amounts of these contaminants and crack the shale oil into lighter products (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). Many of the earlier reports have concentrated on the hydroprocessing of either the raw shale oil, distillate fractions from the raw shale oil, or coker distillates from shale oil and have not tied together the various process units that would be needed in a complete refinery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Shale Oil to Produce Distillate Fuels

Sullivan

Stangeland

1979

Advances in Chemistry

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Paraho shale oil is too high in nitrogen (2.2%) and other contaminants to be used directly as a fuel in most current applications. The key to successful shale oil refining is a hydrotreating process to remove these contaminants. In this study, nitrogen was reduced to concentrations as low as 1 ppm in the hydrotreated whole oil in a single catalytic stage using a catalyst containing nickel, tungsten, silica, and alumina. However, it is economically preferable to hydrotreat at less severe conditions to convert the shale oil to a premium synthetic crude containing about 500 ppm of nitrogen. This synthetic crude resembles a typical hydrorefined petroleum gas oil and is suitable for downstream processing to specification transportation fuels in conventional modern refineries.fois chapter presents results of a Chevron Research Company study sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to demonstrate the feasibility of converting whole shale oil to a synthetic crude resembling a typical petroleum distillate. The synthetic crude thus produced then can be processed, in conventional petroleum-refining facilities, to transportation fuels such as high-octane gasoline and diesel and jet fuels. The raw shale oil feed used in this study is a typical Colorado shale oil produced in a surface retort in the so-called indirectly heated mode.Crude shale oil is an important potential source of transportation fuels when properly refined. However, although it is low in sulfur compared with mid-East crudes, it is much higher in nitrogen than typical petroleum crudes. The shale oil used in this study contains 2.2 wt % nitrogen; typical petroleum crudes contain less than 0.3% nitrogen. 0-8412-0456-X/79/33-179-025$06.75/l

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Section: Pretreatment Of Raw Shale Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%