Hydrocracking of Heavy Vacuum Gas Oil with Petroleum Wax

Abstract

Petroleum heavy vacuum gas oil (HVGO) containing 10 wt.% of petroleum wax was hydrocracked at 390–430 °C and under the pressure of 18 MPa over a Ni W/amorphous silica-alumina catalyst in a continuous-flow fixed-bed reactor. The hydrocracking of a reference feed (neat HVGO) was carried out under the same reaction conditions. The physico-chemical properties of primary products obtained via laboratory atmospheric-vacuum distillation (heavy naphtha, middle distillates and distillation residue) were evaluated. Most products prepared from the mixed feedstock had a similar or lower density and sulfur content than the products obtained from the hydrocracking of the neat HVGO. The heavy naphtha fractions obtained from mixed feedstock contained slightly more n-alkanes and iso-alkanes and less naphthenes and aromatics. Similarly, middle distillates obtained from the mixed feedstock contained slightly more n-alkanes and less aromatics and had cetane index higher by up to 2 units.

Pra Desain Pabrik Bioavtur dari Crude Palm Oil (CPO) dengan Metode Hydroproccesed Ester and Fatty Acid

“…Selanjutnya, jika semua telah sesuai, produk naphta menuju tangki penyimpanan (F-325) menggunakan expander (G-324) untuk diturunkan tekanannya. Produk biodiesel dialirkan menuju heat exchanger (E-337) untuk diturunkan suhunya menjadi 50°C lalu diturunkan tekanannya dengan expander (G-338) menuju tangki penyimpanan (F-339), sedangkan untuk Bioavtur juga diturunkan tekanan nya dengan expander (G-335) menuju dalam tangki penyimpanan (F-336) setelah diturunkan suhunya pada 50°C dengan (E-334) tekanan atmosferik [6].…”

Characteristic and Performance of Ni, Pt, and Pd Monometal and Ni-Pd Bimetal onto KOH Activated Carbon for Hydrotreatment of Castor Oil

“…The depletion of crude oil reserves and the escalating global fuel consumption have become pressing concerns [1][2]. The Energy Information Administration (EIA) projects a substantial 71% increase in fuel consumption worldwide from 2000 to 2030, highlighting the urgent need for alternative energy sources to replace fossil fuels [3][4].…”

Synthesis, Characterization and Performance of Materials for a Sustainable Future

“…Using heavy vacuum gas oil with high amounts of petroleum wax to produce high-quality liquid fuels is a very desirable process. The hydrocracking process is commonly applied, where silica-alumina catalysts are used [ 34 ]. The application of Ni W/silica-alumina catalyst in a continuous-flow fixed-bed reactor at 390, 410 and 430 °C and under the pressure of 18 MPa was discussed in view of the performance of the catalytic process.…”