Hydrocracking of Coconut Oil over Ni-Fe/HZSM-5 Catalyst to Produce Hydrocarbon Biofuel

Abstract

This present study was aimed to investigate the hydrocracking of coconut oil using Ni-Fe/HZSM-5 catalyst in a batch reactor at three reaction temperatures (350, 375, and 400 °C). The Ni-Fe/HZSM-5 catalyst was prepared by using incipient wetness impregnation. The Ni-Fe/HZSM-5 catalyst was characterized using XRD, BET, and SEM-EDX. From XRD results, the loading of Ni and Fe did not change the crystalline structure of HZSM-5 catalyst. The surface area of HZSM-5 was 425 m2/g and decreased after the addition of metals (Ni and Fe) into HZSM-5 support. These changes implied that Ni and Fe particles were successfully dispersed on the HZSM-5 surface and incorporated into HZSM-5 pore. The product of hydrocarbon biofuel was analyzed using GC-MS. The GC-MS results of hydrocarbon biofuel showed the highest compounds for n-paraffin and yield for gasoil was 39.24 and 18.4% at a temperature of 400 °C, respectively. The reaction temperature affected the yield and the composition of hydrocarbon biofuel. At this reaction temperature condition, decarboxylation and decarbonylation were favored; lead to the formation of n-alkanes with an odd number of carbon atoms chain length.

Interactions between Iron and Nickel in Fe–Ni Nanoparticles on Y Zeolite for Co-Processing of Fossil Feedstock with Lignin-Derived Isoeugenol

“…Bimetallic-supported iron and nickel catalysts have been used as active metals both in hydrocracking of oils 11 and for upgrading of lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis vapors to valueadded fuels and chemicals in a fluidized bed reactor. 12 In the fast pyrolysis process, biomass is thermally degraded in the absence of oxygen at a moderate temperature range of 723− 873 K with a residence period of less than 2 s. Through this procedure, the yield of condensed bio-oil, including aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, phenolics, and other compounds, can reach up to 75%.…”

“…Because bimetallic catalysts were shown to be promising for a range of potential applications, ,,− this study is aimed at exploring potential interactions and the synergistic effects between iron and nickel nanoparticles in bifunctional Fe–Ni catalysts, with a different ratio between Fe and Ni, for co-processing of fossil feedstock with lignin-derived isoeugenol. This required performing very extensive characterization by numerous physico-chemical methods.…”

A Mass Ratio of Hierarchical H-ZSM5 And Fatty Acid Methyl Ester of Cerbera Manghas Oil and The Effect on The Hydrocarbon Liquid Product Composition

“…One alternative source of energy that can be developed to be converted into biofuels is biomass. The development of biofuels derived from alternative renewable energy sources, biomass, makes a major impact on the development of the fuel industry and environmental sustainability [2][3][4] .…”

“…The catalytic cracking process uses a cracking reactor that requires less heat than thermal cracking. In addition, catalytic cracking has a higher product conversion when compared to hydrocracking, so this process is more economical and efficient than the previous study [8,10,11] The catalytic cracking process is carried out without adding hydrogen and can occur under atmospheric pressure conditions [2] . Hierarchical H-ZSM-5 is one of the effective acid catalysts for cracking fatty acids into kinds of paraffin, olefins, and aromatic compounds.…”

Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi NaOH Pada Zeolit Alam Lampung Terhadap Produk Silika

“…Gambar 1.Skematik proses sol gel (Trindade dan Politi, 2019) Zeolit sintetis lebih sering digunakan untuk kepentingan komersial dibandingkan dengan zeolit alam, hal ini dikarenakan keseragaman ukuran partikel dan tingkat kemurnian 396 Syafriadi, Siti Marhamah, Muhammad Al Muttaqii Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi Naoh Pada Zeolit Alam Lampung Terhadap Produk Silika yang tinggi pada zeolit sintetis. Sebagai contoh penggunaan zeolit sintetis di dalam aplikasiaplikasi khusus seperti katalis zeolit HZSM-5 untuk produksi biofuel (Al- Muttaqii, M. et al, 2019a, Al-Muttaqii, M. et al, 2019b, Al Muttaqii, M. et al, 2017.…”