Hydroconversion of heavy crude oils using soluble metallic compounds in the presence of hydrogen or methane

Morales, Alfredo Martin; Salazar, Armando; Ovalles, César; Filgueiras, Eduardo

doi:10.1016/s0167-2991(96)80333-8

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“…From the methane-upgrading reaction using MoO 2 (acac) 2 as dispersed catalyst, the coke formed was characterized by EDAX, XPS, and electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction and XPS analyses showed the presence of molybdenum and sulfur. , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of a Dispersed Molybdenum Catalyst and Mechanistic Studies for Upgrading Extra-Heavy Crude Oil Using Methane as Source of Hydrogen

et al. 1998

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A dispersed molybdenum catalyst, derived from MoO 2 (acac) 2 (where acac ) acetylacetonate), was used for upgrading extra-heavy crude oil in the presence of methane as source of hydrogen. The experiments were carried out in a batch reactor at a final CH 4 pressure of 11 MPa, 410 °C, for 1 h. An increase of 7°in the API gravity, 16% of reduction in sulfur content, and 55% conversion of the >500 °C fraction with respect to the original crude was found. The catalyst was analyzed by XPS and EDAX from the coke isolated from the upgrading reaction and it was confirmed that molybdenum is present as MoS 2 . By XPS and SIMS, mechanistic studies were carried out using MoS 2 synthesized on a pure molybdenum sheet. A mechanism for addition of the methane to crude oil is proposed which involves activation of CH 4 by the MoS 2 catalyst generating CH x and H 4-x species on the catalyst surface (where x ) 1, 2, or 3). The CH x moiety can be added to the hydrocarbon molecules, forming methylated products. By carbon isotope ratio mass spectrometry analysis, labeled methane ( 13 CH 4 ) was found to incorporate into the crude oil (estimated value 0.01% w/w) giving conclusive evidence on the involvement of CH 4 in the heavy crude oil upgrading processes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%