Hydroconversion of Fischer–Tropsch waxes: Assessment of the operating conditions effect by factorial design experiments

Calemma, Vincenzo; Correra, S.; Perego, Carlo; Pollesel, Paolo; Pellegrini, Laura

doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2005.07.185

Cited by 54 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Calemma et al [6] reported the strong impact of temperature and hydrogen/feedstock ratio on the vapor/liquid ratio and phase composition in mild hydrocracking of FT waxes. From Table 4, it clearly appears that under typical process conditions the liquid phase is enriched in heavier C 22+ paraffins compared to the feedstock.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fischer-Tropsch Waxes UpgradingviaHydrocracking and Selective Hydroisomerization

Bouchy

Hastoy

Guillon

et al. 2009

Oil & Gas Science and Technology - Rev. IFP

232

181

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Résumé -Valorisation des cires de Fischer-Tropsch par hydrocraquage et hydroisomérisation sélective -Ces dernières années, la production de coupes hydrocarbonées à partir de différentes sources par le procédé Fischer-Tropsch a connu un sensible regain d'intérêt. Les coupes hydrocarbonées paraffiniques produites par la réaction de Fischer-Tropsch peuvent être valorisées en base carburants (distillats moyens) ou éventuellement en base huiles de haute qualité. Dans chaque cas, cette étape de valorisation implique l'utilisation de catalyseurs bifonctionnels d'hydrocraquage, pour la production de carburants, ou d'hydroisomérisation sélective, pour la production de base huiles. Les deux types de catalyseurs sont constitués d'une fonction hydro/déshydrogénante et d'une fonction acide; cependant, selon l'application visée, la fonction acide doit respecter des critères sensiblement différents. Une rapide revue des mécanismes et catalyseurs d'hydrocraquage constitue la première partie de cet article. Une attention particulière est portée à la spécificité des charges paraffiniques issues du procédé Fischer-Tropsch comparativement à des charges plus conventionnelles ainsi qu'à l'impact potentiel des composés oxygénés présents dans ces charges sur les performances du catalyseur d'hydrocraquage. La seconde partie de cet article est consacrée aux mécanismes et catalyseurs d'hydroisomérisation sélective. Nous illustrons notamment comment la topologie de la porosité du solide acide constitue un paramètre clé pour gouverner la sélectivité du catalyseur d'hydroisomérisation sélective. Abstract -Fischer-Tropsch Waxes Upgrading via Hydrocracking and Selective Hydroisomerization -In recent years, the production of hydrocarbon cuts from various sources via the Fischer-Tropsch process has lived a renewed interest. Paraffinic cuts produced via the Fischer-Tropsch reaction can be upgraded either to liquid fuels (middle distillates) or to lubricant base oil of high quality. The first kind of upgrading involves the use of a hydrocracking catalyst whereas for the second kind of upgrading

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fischer-Tropsch Waxes UpgradingviaHydrocracking and Selective Hydroisomerization

Bouchy

Hastoy

Guillon

et al. 2009

Oil & Gas Science and Technology - Rev. IFP

232

181

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“…The effect of operating conditions-temperature, pressure, H 2 /waxes ratio and weight hourly space velocity (WHSV)-was investigated by a second order factorial design, the so called central composite design (CCD) (Calemma et al, 2005a). Experiments carried out according to a factorial design allow to esteem in the most correct way the influence of each single factor (i.e., temperature, WHSV, pressure and H 2 /waxes) on the response (i.e., conversion, isomer concentration, etc.)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of hydrocracking with vapour–liquid equilibrium

Pellegrini

Gamba

Calemma

et al. 2008

Chemical Engineering Science

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“…The selective hydrocracking of F-T waxes to dieselranged hydrocarbons (C 11 -C 20 ) is considerably more difficult than the selective hydrocracking of F-T waxes to gasoline-ranged hydrocarbons (C 5 -C 10 ) due to the further cracking of C 11 -C 20 hydrocarbons. In Table 4, we compared the catalytic performances of Pt/Al 13 -Mont and Pt/ Zr 4 -Mont with those of Pt/Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 and Pt/WO 3 /ZrO 2 because the latter are reportedly effective catalysts for the selective hydrocracking of F-T waxes to diesel-ranged hydrocarbons [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Pt/Al 13 -Mont showed the lowest conversion (77.2%) and the highest selectivity for dieselranged C 11 -C 20 hydrocarbons (84.2%) among the various catalysts.…”

Section: Hydrocracking Of N-c 36 H 74 Over Various Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), the hydrocracking of F-T waxes to middle-distillate hydrocarbons (C 11 -C 20 ) is very attractive for producing diesel fuel with a high cetane number [5]. Although Pt and Ni have been used as metal catalysts in bifunctional catalysts for the hydrocracking of F-T waxes, Pt-based catalysts usually exhibit higher catalytic performance than Ni-based ones because F-T waxes do not have sulfur-containing compounds [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Pt/WO 3 /ZrO 2 and Pt/ Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 have been reported to be effective catalysts for the hydrocracking of F-T waxes to diesel-ranged hydrocarbons [7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Hydrocracking of Fischer–Tropsch Waxes to High-quality Diesel Fuel Over Pt-promoted Polyoxocation-pillared Montmorillonites

et al. 2009

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Polyoxocation ([AlO 4 Al 12 (OH) 24 (H 2 O) 12 ] 7? and [Zr 4 (OH) 14 (H 2 O) 10 ] 2? )-pillared montmorillonites were prepared by ion exchange, and they were used as solid acid catalysts, in comparison to some other solid acids, for the selective hydrocracking of Fischer-Tropsch waxes to diesel-ranged hydrocarbons. XRD patterns and elemental analyses proved that the polyoxocations were successfully introduced into the interlayer region of the montmorillonites. N 2 adsorption-desorption measurement indicated that polyoxocation-pillared montmorillonites have large BET surface areas ([230 m 2 g -1 ), high thermal stability ([673 K), and large pores (comparing to those in zeolites). FT-IR spectra of chemisorbed pyridine indicated that polyoxocation-pillared montmorillonites possess both Lewis and Bronsted acid sites on the solid surface. Temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia indicated that the acidity strength of the polyoxocation-pillared montmorillonites was weaker than those of H-ZSM-5, H-Y, WO

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Hydroconversion of Fischer–Tropsch waxes: Assessment of the operating conditions effect by factorial design experiments

Cited by 54 publications

References 12 publications

Fischer-Tropsch Waxes UpgradingviaHydrocracking and Selective Hydroisomerization

Fischer-Tropsch Waxes UpgradingviaHydrocracking and Selective Hydroisomerization

Modelling of hydrocracking with vapour–liquid equilibrium

Selective Hydrocracking of Fischer–Tropsch Waxes to High-quality Diesel Fuel Over Pt-promoted Polyoxocation-pillared Montmorillonites

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