Hydrochloric acid leaching of a pre-reduced Brazilian ilmenite concentrate in an autoclave

An electrochemical study of the reduction and dissolution of ilmenite in sulfuric acid solutions

“…Hydrometallurgical methods, which include leaching of ilmenite with hydrochloric acid (Lanyon et al, 1999;Ogasawara et al, 2000;Lasheen, 2005) or sulfuric acid both under atmospheric or pressure leaching conditions to dissolve iron in order to obtain synthetic rutile or titanium dioxide pigment (Kataoka and Yamada, 1973;Kulling et al, 1979;Toromanoff and Habashi, 1985;Jayasekera et al, 1995;Charnet, 1999).…”

The influence of pre-oxidation and leaching parameters on Iranian ilmenite concentrate leaching efficiency: Optimization and measurement

“…Some of them reported that pre-oxidation increases the maximum attainable extent of reduction [13,17], enhances the reduction rate of the iron oxide [18,19], decrease the reduction temperature [18] and enhances the rate of leaching of the reduced iron [14,20,21]. But Jones [17] and Janssen and Putnis [22] concluded contradictorily that oxidation prior to reduction has detrimental effect on the rates of subsequent reduction and/or leaching of iron respectively, while Ogasawara and Veloso de Araújo [23] reported that oxidation prior to reduction does not significantly alter the leaching results.…”

Extração líquido-líquido de ferro(III) e titânio(IV) pelo ácido bis-(2-etil-hexil) fosfórico (D2EHPA) em meio de ácido sulfúrico

“…Para a produção do chamado "rutilo sintético", outros minérios de Ti devem ser utilizados, sendo a ilmenita a escolha imediata devido à abundância na natureza. 10 A ilmenita exige para sua abertura a utilização de processos drás-ticos, tais como digestão com ácidos concentrados a quente (HCl, H 2 SO 4 , H 2 F 2 ); 5,6,[10][11][12][13][14][15] fusão com substâncias de caráter ácido (KHSO 4 , Na 2 S 2 O 7 ); 4 alcalinas (KOH, Na 2 CO 3 , CaO); 7,16 redutoras (C, S 8 ) 4,17 ou complexantes (CaF 2 , NH 4 F, NH 4 HF 2 ). 4 A principal rota de produção industrial do TiO 2 é o chamado processo sulfato (hidrólise térmica), que emprega H 2 SO 4 concentrado.…”