Hydrochemistry of Rara Lake: A Ramsar lake from the southern slope of the central Himalayas, Nepal

Kaphle, Binija; Wang, Junbo; Kai, Jinlei; Lyu, Xin-miao; Paudayal, Khum N.; Adhikari, Subash

doi:10.1007/s11629-019-5910-0

Cited by 14 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…The cations in decreasing order of concentration were Ca 2+ > Mg 2+ > Na + > K + , while as anions in decreasing order of concentration were HCO 3 2− > Cl − > SO 4 2− . The higher concentration of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and HCO 3 2suggests that weathering of carbonate rocks in the catchment areas is the major source of ions in these systems (Singh et al, 2016;Lone et al, 2019;Kaphle et al, 2021). Most of the Indian mountain lakes and glaciers also highlight that carbonate weathering is dominant process in these areas (Das and Kaur, 2001;Anshumali and Ramanathan, 2007;Singh et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Most of the Indian mountain lakes and glaciers also highlight that carbonate weathering is dominant process in these areas (Das and Kaur, 2001;Anshumali and Ramanathan, 2007;Singh et al, 2016). Ionic composition in freshwaters is mainly controlled by weathering process, atmospheric precipitation, and other existing atmospheric processes (Lacoul and Freedman, 2005;Anshumali and Ramanathan, 2007;Kaphle et al, 2021;Khadka and Ramanathan, 2021). Ca 2+ is globally dominant cation in fresh water bodies (Wetzel, 2001;Gurung et al, 2018), but Mg 2+ has also a significant role in defining water chemistry of lakes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concentration of precipitation borne pollutants increases in ice and snow because of sublimation and lower temperature slows down contaminant degradation (Daly and Wania 2005;Elser et al, 2020). HALs function as a natural storeroom for ecological evidence linked to changing climate and other environmental parameters (Raut et al, 2012;Kaphle et al, 2021). Lake/river water chemistry along with sediment chemistry plays a significant part in explaining the underlying forces of earth surface (Sheikh et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Limnochemistry and Plankton Diversity in Some High Altitude Lakes of Kashmir Himalaya

Islam

Dar

Sofi

et al. 2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

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High altitude lakes (HALs) of Kashmir Himalaya are the important ecosystems in the mountain ecology of the broader Hindukush Himalayan region. This article provides a comprehensive information about the plankton (phytoplankton and periphyton) assemblages, water quality (WQ), bathymetry, morphometry, and land use land cover (LULC) of some select high altitude mountain lakes of Kashmir Himalaya. LULC analysis revealed that the catchment of the lakes spread over an area of about 16179 ha, is covered by different land cover types dominated by pastures (50.8%), followed by barren rocky (32.6%), snow and glaciers (11.9%), lakes (2.5%), forest (2%), and streams (0.2%). Bathymetric and morphometric analysis revealed that the Gangbal Lake is the deepest (84 m) and largest (162.4 ha) among the investigated lakes. The water quality index revealed that all the HALs have the excellent water quality category. Statistical analysis (Wilk’s λ) depicted that nitrate-nitrogen (NO3−-N), nitrite nitrogen (NO2−-N), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), total phosphorus (TP), and magnesium hardness (Mg-H) are responsible for major variability between all HALs sites. The cations followed the order of Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+ while as anions followed the order as HCO3− > Cl− > SO42−. Algal composition (phytoplankton and periphyton) assessment revealed the presence of 61 taxa belonging to Bacillariophyceae (45), Chlorophyceae (14), Cyanophyceae (1), and Xanthophyceae (1). The higher dominance of Bacillariophyceae indicates oligotrophic nature of the lakes. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) highlighted the role of various water quality parameters like pH, EC, and TDS on the composition of phytoplankton and periphyton species among the lakes. The present study therefore generated a baseline database for some of the HALs of Kashmir Himalaya that can act as a precursor for more research on future changes in the lake ecosystems of the region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Limnochemistry and Plankton Diversity in Some High Altitude Lakes of Kashmir Himalaya

Islam

Dar

Sofi

et al. 2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…Samples were collected in clean plastic bottles and stored at 4°C in the laboratory. The TDS, EC, and pH values of all of the samples were tested in situ by using a digital equipment (HI-98129, HANNA, Romania) Adhikari et al, 2020Adhikari et al, , 2021Kaphle et al, 2021 (Adhikari et al, 2013), is dumped over the layers of accumulating zone and covered by gravel and soil layer using excavators daily. The seepage of the waste layers is allowed to pass through the Reed Bed treatment unit.…”

Section: Sampling and Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical assessment of leachate from Pokhara landfill site and its impact on the quality of Seti River water, Nepal

Khanal

Adhikari

Paudel

et al. 2021

Arch. Agric. Environ. Sci.

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The management of municipal solid always poses serious environmental problems on land, air, and groundwater, especially in the case of developing countries. The characterization and assessment of leachates are necessary to understand the water quality in the urban region as well as has enormous importance in sustaining the livelihoods of people in the riverine environment maintaining the ecological balance. Landfill leachate contains thousands of complex components, which contaminate the nearby water bodies, and communities with several hazardous ingredients. The present study was conducted to assess the influence of landfill leachates on the quality of Seti River water. The samples were collected from four stations (Tatopani, Ramghat, Landfill, Below landfill, and Kotre). The samples were analyzed for pH, total hardness, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, turbidity, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity (EC), Cl-, NH3, and PO43- by standard methods. The pH and EC were measured in situ whereas other parameters were analyzed in the laboratory adopting standard protocols. The physicochemical parameters of river water and that of leachates were compared to monitor the level of contamination. The research reveals the landfill to have insignificant pollution of water on matching the parameters with World Health Organization (WHO) guideline values. Regular monitoring of the quality of river water and sustainable management of solid waste is essential for the ecological quality and integrity of the environment in the region. Scientific information obtained by this study could contribute to policymakers for the sustainable management of water quality and landfill in the downstream and urban segments of the river basins.

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“…Temperature is often associated with bacterial biodiversity as it directly relates to metabolic rates and the a nity of bacteria to available substrates (Nedwell 1999, Paudel Adhikari et al 2019. Similarly, TDS measures the sum of all the dissolved ions present in an aqueous medium (Khadka and Ramanathan 2013, Adhikari et al 2020, Kaphle et al 2021) that can directly or indirectly affect the bacterial community composition. The value of TDS peaked during autumn due to the concentration of ionic species.…”

Section: Effect Of Nutrients On Bacterial Biodiversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

First report on the bacterial community composition, diversity, and functions in Ramsar site of Central Himalayas, Nepal

Adhikari

Liu

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Ramsar sites are wetlands of international importance covering major ecosystem processes and services. Bacterial communities play a significant role in the lacustrine ecosystem and release major nutrients in wetlands, yet little is known about controls over their distribution and abundance from the Ramsar site of Central Himalayas, Nepal. Thus, we studied the bacterial community composition, diversity, and functions in the wetlands (designed as Ramsar site, Ramsar no 2257) during the autumn and spring by using 16S rRNA gene-based Illumina MiSeq sequencing. We reported a pronounced variation in water physicochemical and biological properties (temperature, pH, Chl a, DOC, and TN), bacterial diversity, and community composition. Alpha diversity was highest in Autumn while beta diversity (based on unifrac distance) in spring. Our results uncovered the effect of nutrients on bacterial abundance, richness, and community composition. Most unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (58%) belonged to autumn, while 14% of the OTUs were shared between spring and autumn. Planctomycetes and Bacteroidetes dominated the spring exclusive OTUs; meanwhile, Actinobacteria dominated the autumn exclusive OTUs. Bacteria in these wetlands exhibited divergent roles; however, a higher abundance of bacteria associated with animal parasites and human pathogens indicated a public health risk. By disclosing the seasonal variation of bacterial community and their relationship with environmental factors, this first-hand work in the Ramsar site of Nepal will develop a baseline dataset for the scientific community that will assist in understanding the wetlands microbial ecology and biogeography.

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Hydrochemistry of Rara Lake: A Ramsar lake from the southern slope of the central Himalayas, Nepal

Cited by 14 publications

References 57 publications

Limnochemistry and Plankton Diversity in Some High Altitude Lakes of Kashmir Himalaya

Limnochemistry and Plankton Diversity in Some High Altitude Lakes of Kashmir Himalaya

Physicochemical assessment of leachate from Pokhara landfill site and its impact on the quality of Seti River water, Nepal

First report on the bacterial community composition, diversity, and functions in Ramsar site of Central Himalayas, Nepal

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