Hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in the plains of Phalgu River in Gaya, Bihar, India

Ranjan, Rajesh Kumar; Ramanathan, Arvind; Parthasarathy, P.; Ramanathan, Alagappan

doi:10.1007/s12517-012-0599-1

Cited by 45 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The geological, atmospheric precipitation and agriculture are the major sources of NO 3 -. The variables which control the reaction of phosphate in soil are the solubility of fertilizers, the inorganic or organic form, soil pH, presence of calcareous materials and water management practices (Ranjan et al 2013). …”

Section: Phsicochemical Characteristics Of Groundwater and Hydrochemimentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater chemistry evaluation for drinking and irrigation utilities in east Wasit province, Central Iraq

Ghalib

2017

Appl Water Sci

100

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The present study focused on assessing the groundwater quality of the shallow aquifer in the northeastern Wasit Governorate, Iraq. The physicochemical parameters, including major cation and anion compositions, pH, total dissolved solid and electrical conductivity, were used to assess the suitability of groundwater quality for drinking purpose by comparing with the WHO and Iraqi standards. Total dissolved solid (TDS), sodium adsorption ratio, residual sodium bicarbonate, permeability index and magnesium ratio were used for irrigation suitability assessment. For this purpose, 98 samples were collected from the scattered shallow wells in the study area. Results indicated that the spatial distribution of TDS, EC values and major ions in these groundwater samples considerably differ from one site to another mainly due to the lithological variations of the area. The results are correlated with standards classifications to deduce the hydrogeochemical phenomena. The dominant factors in controlling the groundwater hydrogeochemistry are evaporation and weathering in the study area. Geochemical modelling approach was used to calculate the saturation state of some selected minerals, i.e., explaining the dissolution and precipitation reactions occurring in the groundwater. The studied groundwater samples were found to be oversaturated with carbonate minerals and undersaturated with evaporates minerals. A comparison of groundwater quality in relation to drinking water standards showed that most of the groundwater samples were unsuitable for drinking purposes. On the other hand, most groundwater is unsuitable for irrigation purposes based on sodium and salinity hazards. However, soil type as well as proper selection of plants should be taken into consideration.

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Section: Phsicochemical Characteristics Of Groundwater and Hydrochemimentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater chemistry evaluation for drinking and irrigation utilities in east Wasit province, Central Iraq

Ghalib

2017

Appl Water Sci

100

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“…The big data matrix is diminished into two small ones with the help of principal component analysis, which is responsible for explanation of most of the intimation within the original data [60]. Eigenvalue more than one is recognized as an important contributing factor [46,61].…”

Section: Principal Component Analysis/factor Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeochemistry of Meltwater of the Chaturangi Glacier, Garhwal Himalaya, India

Singh

Ramanathan

Pottakkal

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, Sect. A Phys. Sci.

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A hydrochemical analysis of meltwater draining from Chaturangi glacier was conducted to determine the dissolved ions chemistry and to evaluate the geochemical processes controlling major ions chemistry of the study area. Ca 2? , Mg 2? and SO 4 2-are the dominant ions in the glacier meltwater. The ratio of (Ca ? Mg) versus TZ ? varied from 0.79 to 0.86 with an average value of 0.82 ± 0.02 indicating larger contribution of Ca and Mg to the total cations. (Ca ? Mg)/(Na ? K) ratio is also high, varying from 3.77 to 6.33 with an average value of 4.77 ± 0.79. This shows the dominancy of carbonate weathering in the study area. The scatter diagram between (Ca ? Mg) versus SO 4 2-shows a linear trend throughout the range of data, indicating the dissolution of sulphate minerals as one of the possible source of SO 4 2-in the Chaturangi glacier meltwater. The C-ratio of meltwater of the study area shows that sulphide oxidation is the major proton producing mechanism. Correlation matrix and principal component analysis (factor analysis) were applied for identification of various processes controlling solute acquisition in the Chaturangi glacier meltwater.

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“…principal Component Analysis pCA is the most commonly applied method of multivariate statistical analysis among various options [25,26]. It is a procedure that determines data patterns and then expresses them on the basis of their similarities and differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This means that the variables are maximally correlated with one component, but have little or no correlation with the others. Thus the components are arranged in descending order (from the largest to the smallest contributor) as precisely as possible with few major components [26][27]. The post-rotation factor loadings are classified as strong (>0.70), moderate (0.50-0.70), and weak <0.50) [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source Identification of Heavy Metals in Particulate Matter (PM10) in a Malaysian Traffic Area Using Multivariate Techniques

Elhadi¹,

Abdullah²,

Abdullah³

et al. 2017

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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This study was conducted to determine heavy metal concentrations in particulate matter (pM 10 ) and the source identification in the areas affected by traffic during the southwest monsoon from June to July 2014. Collection of the particulate samples was done at three sampling sites that have varying traffic densities (high, medium, and low). Samples were collected using a high-volume air sampler. Heavy metals in the particulate matter (pM 10 ) were assessed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results show that the mean concentrations of pM 10 for high-, medium-, and low-density traffic were found to be 207. 63±7.82, 164.92±10.68, and 90.09±20.70 µg m -3 , respectively. The concentrations in high-and mediumdensity areas were found to be significantly higher than 150 µg m -3 for 24 hrs as per Recommended Malaysian Air Quality Guidelines (RMAQG). The heavy metals found were dominated by Ba and Fe, followed by Cu > V> Zn > pb > Mn > Cr> As > Ni >Cd > Co. A comparison of the concentrations of heavy metals with the United State Environmental protection Agency (USEpA) and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines revealed that As was higher than the standards in high-and medium-density areas. Cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (pCA) were employed in the identification of the sources of metals for high-, medium-, and low-traffic densities. The CA identified three clusters for high-, medium-, and low-traffic densities, while pCA extracted four sources for high-, medium-, and low-traffic densities and the major pollution sources identified were vehicle exhaust emission, non-exhaust emission (brake and tire wear), and re-suspension dust.

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Hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in the plains of Phalgu River in Gaya, Bihar, India

Cited by 45 publications

References 40 publications

Groundwater chemistry evaluation for drinking and irrigation utilities in east Wasit province, Central Iraq

Groundwater chemistry evaluation for drinking and irrigation utilities in east Wasit province, Central Iraq

Hydrogeochemistry of Meltwater of the Chaturangi Glacier, Garhwal Himalaya, India

Source Identification of Heavy Metals in Particulate Matter (PM10) in a Malaysian Traffic Area Using Multivariate Techniques

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