Hydrochemical characteristics and controlling factors of natural water in the border areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Tian, Yuan; Yu, Chengqun; Zha, Xinjie; Gao, Xing; Dai, Erfu

doi:10.1007/s11442-019-1994-y

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Generally, the dissolution and weathering of carbonate rocks (calcite, dolomite, etc.) in natural water is the main source of Ca 2+ and HCO -3 [5,9,55], and the weathering of magnesium-bearing carbonate rocks also provide Mg 2+ in the river [55]. In this study, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and HCO -3 showed a highly significant correlation (p < 0.01), which also proved that these ions mainly originated from the weathering of carbonate rocks [13,55].…”

Section: Main Ionic Components and Hydrochemical Typessupporting

confidence: 70%

“…and the weathering of magnesium-bearing carbonate rocks also provide Mg 2+ in the river [55]. In this study, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and HCO 3 showed a highly significant correlation (p < 0.01), which also proved that these ions mainly originated from the weathering of carbonate rocks [13,55].…”

Section: Main Ionic Components and Hydrochemical Typessupporting

confidence: 67%

“…In addition, Na + was found to be related to Si (R 2 = 0.51, p < 0.05). Therefore, Cl -, K + , Na + , and Si were generated primarily by the dissolution of evaporites and/or the weathering of silicate minerals [9,55].…”

Section: Main Ionic Components and Hydrochemical Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geochemistry and Sources Apportionment of Major Ions and Dissolved Heavy Metals in a Small Watershed on the Tibetan Plateau

Xing

Lai

et al. 2022

Water

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Due to environmental sensibility and fragility, the water chemistry revolution and heavy metals accumulation influenced by natural and anthropogenic processes in the rivers on the Tibetan Plateau have recently become a global concern. However, targeted studies in small watersheds on the Tibetan Plateau are relatively limited. A study of surface waters in Duilong Qu (DLQ), a small watershed located on the Tibetan Plateau, have been conducted to assess the impact of natural and anthropogenic activities on the water environment of the DLQ by analyzing the major ions and heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, and As) in the river waters. The results of the analysis of major ions showed that and were the dominant anions and Ca2+ was the dominant cation, indicating that the water chemistry of the river waters was mainly of the HCO3-Ca type. The results of Piper diagram and Gibbs diagram analysis indicate that the water solute is mainly controlled by the weathering of carbonate rocks, followed by the influence of geothermal water confluence. Compared to the world river average, the concentrations of Cr, Pb, and As in the studied rivers were relatively high. The heavy metal concentrations satisfy the standards of WHO and GB (Chinese national standard) guidelines. The PCA-APCS-MLR model has been employed and evidenced as a reliable tool to identify the sources of the heavy metals in this study. The results revealed that the heavy metals in the DLQ are caused by natural sources, geothermal water, and mining operations. The primary sources of As (93.63%), Cr (93.07%), Mn (73.53%), Fe (59.54%), and Pb (58.28%) in the DLQ were geothermal water, while Zn (91.41%), Mn (20.67%), Fe (40.46%), and Pb (26.15%) originated mainly from natural sources. Additionally, Cu (91.41%) was primarily influenced by mining operations, and Ni originated from mining (53.61%) and geothermal water sources (46.39%), while Cd (97.88%) originated from unknown sources. In the high-flow season periods from 1992 to 2017, the As concentrations in the DLQ decreased significantly, which might result from increasing precipitation and runoff. Overall, the results of this study suggest that both natural and anthropogenic activities have jointly affected the solutes in small rivers on the Tibetan Plateau, and heavy metal pollution should be emphasized in the future.

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Section: Main Ionic Components and Hydrochemical Typessupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Main Ionic Components and Hydrochemical Typessupporting

confidence: 67%

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Geochemistry and Sources Apportionment of Major Ions and Dissolved Heavy Metals in a Small Watershed on the Tibetan Plateau

Xing

Lai

et al. 2022

Water

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“…Therefore, the above results demonstrated that the intense evaporation of groundwater, cation exchange, saltwater intrusion and human activity affected the groundwater (Cui and Li 2014;Li et al 2021;Xiao et al 2012). This region has the same hydrochemical type, evolution process and geochemical control factors of groundwater as the closed basin in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and arid area of northwest China (Li et al 2020;Tian et al 2019;Xiao et al 2018;Zhou et al 2021). The anions of groundwater tended to change from HCO 3 − to Cl − / SO 4 2−…”

Section: Factors Affecting Geochemical Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Hydrological characteristics and water quality change in mountain river valley on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

et al. 2023

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Management and protection of regional water resources requires an understanding of the hydrological characteristics and water quality changes. In this study, we combined isotopic, geochemical and hydrometric measurements to investigate hydrological characteristics and water quality changes during the interactions between surface water and groundwater in mountain river valley. Our results showed that the stable isotope values in most of the groundwater and river water samples were located above the middle of the local meteoric water line in a mountain river valley. The hydrochemical types of most of the groundwater and river water samples were Ca–Mg–HCO3 and were primarily dominated by rock weathering. The hydrochemical compositions of groundwater and river water were mainly affected by carbonate dissolution and cation exchange, but influences of saltwater intrusion and human activity were found at the lakeside. Precipitation was the main factor affecting the changes in hydrological processes at these groundwater and river water sites and they were also affected by meltwater, soil water and the interaction between groundwater and surface water. The water level of the river increased, and the recharge of the groundwater by river water increased in river valley during the rainy season, which led to an increase runoff path in groundwater. The interaction between the river water and groundwater was affected by the rainfall frequency and intensity, the recharge time of the soil water and the pressure of the river on both sides of the river channels. Additionally, our results indicated that the flow of groundwater into the river will lead to water quality deterioration. The increasing pressure of the river on the groundwater will cause the deterioration of groundwater quality, which will also be affected by saltwater intrusion and human activity. Our results detailed the hydrological characteristics, water quality changes and main influencing factors of the interaction between surface water and groundwater of river valley in mountain, which will be beneficial to promote the reasonable protection of water resources under climate change in the future.

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“…For example, the exogenetic sulphuric acid and nitric acid generated by human activities accelerate the dissolution of carbonate rocks in the rivers ( Han & Liu, 2004 ; Li & Zhang, 2008 ; Li et al, 2010 , 2011b ; Ma et al, 2023 ), and therefore increases the concentrations of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and HCO 3 − ; The average Cl − /Na + molar ratio of rivers is higher with more urbanized ( Tong et al, 2018 ), and The Cl – , Na + and K + are relatively high in rivers that significantly affected by municipal sewage discharge ( Qin et al, 2018 ); The application of agricultural fertilizer will significantly increase the K + , SO 4 2– , NO 3 – , and Cl – concentrations in the river water ( Etchanchu & Probst, 1988 ), and the SO 4 2– , Cl – , and Na + contents are relatively high in rivers on which industrial and mining wastewater have impacts ( Zhang et al, 2017 ). The intensification of human activities has led to a significant increase in the content of major ions in rivers, which has gradually become the dominant factor( Chen et al, 2020 ; Tian et al, 2019 ; Xu & Liu, 2007 ; Zeng et al, 2022 ; Zheng et al, 2022 ). Moreover, previous studies have shown that agricultural land and coal mines, municipal sewage, etc .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major ion compositions, sources and risk assessment of karst stream under the influence of anthropogenic activities, Guizhou Province, Southwest China

Yang

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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To explore the influence of different types of anthropogenic activity on the rivers, we investigate the major ion composition, sources and risk assessment of the karst stream (Youyu stream and Jinzhong stream), which are heavily influenced by mining activities and urban sewage, respectively. The chemical compositions of the Youyu stream water, which is heavily influenced by mining activities, are dominated by Ca2+ and SO42–. However, the chemical compositions of the Jinzhong stream water, which is heavily influenced by urban sewage, are dominated by Ca2+ and HCO3–. The Ca2+, Mg2+ and HCO3– in Jinzhong stream are mainly derived from rock weathering, while the Youyu stream is affected by acid mine drainage, and sulfuric acid is involved in the weathering process. Ion sources analysis indicates that the Na+, K+, NO3–, and Cl– in the Jinzhong stream mainly derive from urban sewage discharge; but NO3– and Cl– of the Youyu stream mainly derive from agricultural activities, and Na+, K+ are mainly from natural sources. The element ratios analysis indicates the ratio of SO42–/Mg2+ in Youyu stream (4.61) polluted by coal mine is much higher than that in Jinzhong stream (1.29), and the ratio of (Na++K++Cl–)/Mg2+ in Jinzhong stream (1.81) polluted by urban sewage is higher than Youyu stream (0.64). Moreover, the ratios of NO3−/Na+, NO3−/K+, and NO3−/Cl− in the agriculturally polluted Youyu stream were higher than those in the Jinzhong stream. We can identify the impact of human activities on streams by ion ratios (SO42–/Mg2+, (Na++K++Cl–)/Mg2+, NO3−/Na+, NO3−/K+, and NO3−/Cl−). The health risk assessment shows the HQT and HQN for children and adults are higher in Jinzhong stream than in Youyu stream and the total HQ value (HQT) of children was higher than one at J1 in the Jinzhong stream, which shows that children in Jinzhong stream basin are threatened by non-carcinogenic pollutants. Each HQ value of F− and NO3− for children was higher than 0.1 in the tributaries into Aha Lake, indicating that the children may also be potentially endangered.

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Hydrochemical characteristics and controlling factors of natural water in the border areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Cited by 13 publications

References 34 publications

Geochemistry and Sources Apportionment of Major Ions and Dissolved Heavy Metals in a Small Watershed on the Tibetan Plateau

Geochemistry and Sources Apportionment of Major Ions and Dissolved Heavy Metals in a Small Watershed on the Tibetan Plateau

Hydrological characteristics and water quality change in mountain river valley on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Major ion compositions, sources and risk assessment of karst stream under the influence of anthropogenic activities, Guizhou Province, Southwest China

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