Hydrochemical Appraisal and Geochemical Evolution of Groundwater with Special Reference to Nitrate Contamination in Aquifers of a Semi-Arid Terrain of NW India

Vikas, C.; Kushwaha, R.; Ahmad, Wan Kamaruzaman Wan; Prasannakumar, V.; Dhanya, P.; Rajesh, R.

doi:10.1007/s12403-014-0155-1

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…TN concentrations in septic tank effluents are in a similar range (Lusk et al 2017). Assuming that all of the nitrogen is completely converted to NO 3 − without any denitrification taking place (and without dilution) this would result in NO 3 − concentrations between 53 and 390 mg/ L. Mean nitrate concentrations of 40 and 52 mg/L are reported for intensive agricultural activities (Jacks and Sharma 1983;Vikas et al 2015). Thirdly, increased nitrogen concentration in groundwater can be associated with weathering of bedrock nitrogen (Holloway and Dahlgren 2002)-for example, a…”

Section: Hard Rock Aquifermentioning

confidence: 94%

Anthropogenic and geogenic influences on peri-urban aquifers in semi-arid regions: insights from a case study in northeast Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

et al. 2021

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Rapid urbanization has exerted considerable pressure on groundwater resources in Jaipur, India. Peri-urban areas are particularly affected as the public supply infrastructure often does not reach this fast-growing fringe, which often lacks a planning strategy, leading to an informal water supply based on groundwater. At the same time, the hills and historic reservoirs located in these areas are important for groundwater recharge and, therefore, critical for sustainable groundwater-resource management. To understand the local hydrogeology and the role of anthropogenic influences, a 2-year field study was carried out in northeastern Jaipur. The aim was to develop a conceptual model on which a management concept can be built. The study comprised hydrochemical and stable isotope analyses of water samples, depth-to-water measurements, a leveling survey and geophysical investigations. The study revealed that the groundwater from both the Proterozoic hard rock and the overlying Quaternary alluvial aquifer generally does not meet the Indian drinking water thresholds for nitrate concentration and/or total dissolved solids (TDS). While anthropogenic activities are the main source of quantity problems (declining groundwater levels through overabstraction), the biggest quality problems (nitrate up to 550 mg/L and TDS >500 mg/L) are most likely of geogenic origin and only enhanced by anthropogenic impacts. Quantity and quality aspects improve significantly in areas influenced by recharge from the historic reservoirs, leading to the conclusion that artificial recharge structures may be the way forward to improving community water supply and that groundwater protection should be given priority in these areas.

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Section: Hard Rock Aquifermentioning

confidence: 94%

Anthropogenic and geogenic influences on peri-urban aquifers in semi-arid regions: insights from a case study in northeast Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

et al. 2021

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“…This indicates that while the dissolution of calcite and dolomite is indeed the source of Ca 2+ , other factors also affect the Ca 2+ concentration in groundwater [29,49]. Figure 4d shows that as HCO 3 − concentration increases, the positions of sample change from near the 1:1 line to below the 2:1 line.…”

Section: Factor Analysismentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Factor analysis can explain the molar relationship between various factors controlling hydrogeochemical reactions in groundwater [14,29]. This method is one of the most useful for understanding the hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater.…”

Section: Factor Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Principal component analysis (PCA) has been used to identify the many factors that affect the chemical characteristics of groundwater. The purpose of PCA in this context is to analyze the main hydrogeochemical processes and their evolution [29,30]. Therefore, methods such as charts, statistical analysis and geochemical simulations are used to evaluate groundwater quality and to identify the evolution of hydrogeochemical processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrochemical Characteristic of Groundwater and Its Impact on Crop Yields in the Baojixia Irrigation Area, China

Feng

Qian

et al. 2020

Water

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While irrigated crops produce much higher yields than rain-fed crops, the ionic components of irrigation water have important effects on crop yield. Groundwater is widely used for irrigation in the Baojixia irrigation area in China. The chemical characteristics and water quality of groundwater in the Baojixia irrigation area were analyzed and evaluated to study the impact of groundwater quality on crop yield. Results showed cations in the groundwater to mainly be Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+, whereas the anions are mainly HCO3−, SO42−, and Cl−. Water-rock interaction and cation exchange were identified as the main factors affecting hydrogeochemical properties from west to east. The study found salinity and alkalinity of groundwater in the western region of the study area to be low, and therefore suitable for irrigation. Groundwater in the eastern part of the study area was found to have a medium to high salinity and alkalinity, and is therefore not recommended for long-term irrigation. The groundwater irrigated cultivation of wheat and corn in the research area over 2019, for example, would have resulted in a drop in the annual crop output and an economic loss of 0.489 tons and 0.741 × 104 yuan, respectively. Irrigation using groundwater was calculated to result in the cumulative loss of crop yields and an economic loss of 49.17 tons and 80.781 × 104 yuan, respectively, by 2119. Deterioration of groundwater quality will reduce crop yields. It is recommended that crop yields in the study area be increased by strengthening irrigation water management and improving groundwater quality.

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“…Also, a higher abundance of anions is observed in shallow groundwater. Nitrate is a very common groundwater pollutant in many regions in the world [24], and most of this contamination are from agriculture and sewage effluent containing high nitrate concentration [25,26]. In this study, the concentration of NO 3 − in shallow groundwater ranges from 0.15 mg/L to 19.3 mg/L with the mean value of 3.84 mg/L, and that in deep groundwater ranges within 0.20-3.83 mg/L with the average value of 0.91 mg/L.…”

Section: General Hydrochemical Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeochemical Characterization and Quality Assessment of Groundwater in a Long-Term Reclaimed Water Irrigation Area, North China Plain

Xiao

Yin

et al. 2018

Water

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Water scarcity has led to wide use of reclaimed water for irrigation worldwide, which may threaten groundwater quality. To understand the status of groundwater in the reclaimed water irrigation area in Beijing, 87 samples from both shallow and deep aquifers were collected to determine the factors affecting groundwater chemistry and to assess groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes. The results show that groundwater in both shallow and deep aquifers in the study area is weakly alkaline freshwater with hydrogeochemical faces dominated by HCO3-Na·Mg·Ca, HCO3-Mg·Ca·Na, HCO3-Ca·Na, and HCO3-Na. The chemical composition of groundwater in both shallow and deep aquifers is dominantly controlled by the dissolution of halite, gypsum, anhydrite, and silicates weathering, as well as ion exchange. Geogenic processes (rock weathering and ion exchange) are the only mechanisms controlling groundwater chemistry in deep aquifers. Besides geogenic processes, evaporation and anthropogenic activities also affect the chemistry of shallow groundwater. Quality assessment reveals that both shallow and deep groundwater are generally suitable for drinking and irrigation purposes. The quality of deep groundwater is more excellent for drinking than shallow groundwater. However, long-term use of deep groundwater for irrigation exhibits higher potential risks to deteriorate soil property due to the relative higher permeability indexes (PI). Therefore, it is recommended that deep groundwater is preferentially used for drinking and domestic purpose, and shallow groundwater for agricultural irrigation.

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Hydrochemical Appraisal and Geochemical Evolution of Groundwater with Special Reference to Nitrate Contamination in Aquifers of a Semi-Arid Terrain of NW India

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

Anthropogenic and geogenic influences on peri-urban aquifers in semi-arid regions: insights from a case study in northeast Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

Anthropogenic and geogenic influences on peri-urban aquifers in semi-arid regions: insights from a case study in northeast Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

Hydrochemical Characteristic of Groundwater and Its Impact on Crop Yields in the Baojixia Irrigation Area, China

Hydrogeochemical Characterization and Quality Assessment of Groundwater in a Long-Term Reclaimed Water Irrigation Area, North China Plain

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