Hydrocephalus

Fluid flow measurement for diagnosis of ventricular shunt malfunction using nonlinear responses of microbubbles in the contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging

“…Hydrocephalus is a condition with an excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain and may occur in both children and adults (1,2). It can be caused by improper drainage of CSF from the ventricles and subarachnoid space.…”

“…It can be caused by improper drainage of CSF from the ventricles and subarachnoid space. The estimated prevalence of the hydrocephalus in children is 1-2 in 1000, and the excessive intracranial pressure (ICP) can significantly impair mental development and often cause cranial bulging in infants (2). A common treatment for hydrocephalus is placing a drainage tube, such as a ventricularperitoneal (VP) shunt, between the brain ventricles and the peritoneal cavity (3).…”

“…Hydrocephalus is a condition with an excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain and may occur in both children and adults. 1,2) It can be caused by improper drainage of CSF from the ventricles and subarachnoid space. The estimated prevalence of the hydrocephalus in children is 1-2 in 1000, and the excessive intracranial pressure (ICP) can significantly impair mental development and often cause cranial bulging in infants.…”

“…The estimated prevalence of the hydrocephalus in children is 1-2 in 1000, and the excessive intracranial pressure (ICP) can significantly impair mental development and often cause cranial bulging in infants. 2) A common treatment for hydrocephalus is placing a drainage tube, such as a ventricularperitoneal (VP) shunt, between the brain ventricles and the peritoneal cavity. 3) However, complications including blockage, breakage, and leakage are associated with malfunctions of ventricular shunts (hereinafter referred to as shunt).…”