Hydrocephalus: A neuropsychological and theoretical primer

Zaksaite, Tara; Loveday, Catherine; Edginton, Trudi; Spiers, Hugo J.; Smith, Alastair D.

doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2023.01.001

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 201 publications

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“…The prevalence of infantile hydrocephalus is ≈1 case per 1000 births, [ 1 ] and accounts for nearly 29.4% of pediatric neurosurgical admissions. [ 2 ] The elevated intracranial pressure in hydrocephalus always damages the periventricular white matter, impairing brain development in children and causing neurodegeneration in adults. [ 3 ] In severe cases, intracranial hypertension can lead to acute brainstem herniation and death.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Dysregulation via a SPAK and OSR1 Targeted Framework Nucleic Acid in Hydrocephalus

Wang,

Cheng,

Liu

et al. 2024

Advanced Science

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Hydrocephalus is one of the most common brain disorders and a life‐long incurable condition. An empirical “one‐size‐fits‐all” approach of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting remains the mainstay of hydrocephalus treatment and effective pharmacotherapy options are currently lacking. Macrophage‐mediated ChP inflammation and CSF hypersecretion have recently been identified as a significant discovery in the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus. In this study, a pioneering DNA nano‐drug (TSOs) is developed by modifying S2 ssDNA and S4 ssDNA with SPAK ASO and OSR1 ASO in tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs) and synthesis via a one‐pot annealing procedure. This construct can significantly knockdown the expression of SPAK and OSR1, along with their downstream ion channel proteins in ChP epithelial cells, thereby leading to a decrease in CSF secretion. Moreover, these findings indicate that TSOs effectively inhibit the M0 to M1 phenotypic switch of ChP macrophages via the MAPK pathways, thus mitigating the cytokine storm. In in vivo post‐hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) models, TSOs significantly reduce CSF secretion rates, alleviate ChP inflammation, and prevent the onset of hydrocephalus. These compelling results highlight the potential of TSOs as a promising therapeutic option for managing hydrocephalus, with significant applications in the future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Dysregulation via a SPAK and OSR1 Targeted Framework Nucleic Acid in Hydrocephalus

Wang,

Cheng,

Liu

et al. 2024

Advanced Science

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A neuropsychological profile for high-grade primary central nervous system neuroendocrine tumor (CNS NET): a single-case study

Steinberg,

Hewitt,

Block

2024

The Clinical Neuropsychologist

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Application of neuropsychological assessment in a patient with posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus – a case report

Pawełczyk,

Jankowski,

Twarkowski

et al. 2024

Psychiatr Psychol Klin

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Introduction and objective: Posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus constitutes one of the most serious complications of subarachnoid haemorrhage. The most common cause of subarachnoid haemorrhage is a ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Clinical and neuropsychological presentations of the posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus include mainly gait apraxia, urinary incontinence, and various neurocognitive impairments. The main neurosurgical treatment of the posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus is ventriculoperitoneal shunt implantation. The study aimed to analyse the neuropsychological functioning of a patient with post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus, describe the dynamics of cognitive changes during hydrocephalus, and emphasise the importance of neuropsychological diagnosis in planning neurosurgical intervention. Materials and methods: In this article, we report a case of a 52-year-old male patient, who suffered from subarachnoid haemorrhage after an anterior communicating artery complex aneurysm rupture. After the surgery, the patient presented with massive episodic memory deficits, periodical illogicality, and disorientation. Neuropsychological examination, conducted using Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III) in parallel versions and the Trail Making Test A and B (TMT-A and TMT-B), showed deterioration of psychomotor speed, decreased concentration of attention and impaired executive functions. Results: Due to the gradual neurological condition improvement, the patient was discharged from the hospital but four months after the surgery, he was readmitted with gait apraxia, a decline in cognitive and executive functions in neuropsychological examination, and radiological signs of hydrocephalus in the computed tomography. The patient underwent a ventriculoperitoneal shunt implantation, but due to the suspicion of iatrogenic peritonitis, the ventriculoperitoneal shunt system was removed. The recurrence of the clinical and neuropsychological symptoms was observed and ventriculoperitoneal shunt reimplantation was necessary. The surgery was performed after seven weeks. In the postoperative course and follow-up examination, the patient was again in logical contact, did not show any cognitive decline and did not present any clinical disturbances. Conclusions: Thus, we demonstrated the importance of neuropsychological assessment in the diagnosis of posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus and the clinical and psychological characteristics of the patient with shunt-dependent hydrocephalus with the presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms. This study shows that neuropsychological examination is highly sensitive to detection of subtle changes in the cognitive and emotional functioning of a patient with hydrocephalus, which are early signs of deterioration of the patient’s neurological condition and changes in the ventricular system.

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Hydrocephalus: A neuropsychological and theoretical primer

Cited by 4 publications

References 201 publications

Modulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Dysregulation via a SPAK and OSR1 Targeted Framework Nucleic Acid in Hydrocephalus

Modulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Dysregulation via a SPAK and OSR1 Targeted Framework Nucleic Acid in Hydrocephalus

A neuropsychological profile for high-grade primary central nervous system neuroendocrine tumor (CNS NET): a single-case study

Application of neuropsychological assessment in a patient with posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus – a case report

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