Hydrocephalus

Harrington, Michael L.; Rodney, S. Bagley; Michael, P. Moore

doi:10.1016/s0195-5616(96)50108-7

Cited by 49 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The syringomyelia in the 4 present cases may have been produced by the mechanism reported by Milhorat et al [15]. It has been reported that FIP is a common infectious dis- ease causing feline hydrocephalus [7]. Hydrocephalus has been reported to form due to the accumulation of inflammatory cells at sites of narrowing along the CSF pathway [16].…”

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confidence: 77%

MRI of Secondary Cervical Syringomyelia in Four Cats

Okada

Kitagawa

Ito

et al. 2009

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. This report describes the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to diagnose cervical syringomyelia in 4 cats. MRI revealed enlargement of the lateral ventricle in all the cats. Of the 4 cases, MRI revealed herniation of the cerebellum in 3 cats, an isolated fourth ventricle in 1 cat, severe hydrocephalus in 2 cats and brain masses in 1 cat. In this report, the cervical syringomyelia in these cats may have been due to formation of a secondary syrinx (enlargement of the central canal) as a result of blockage of flow in the outlet of the fourth ventricle caused by FIP encephalomyelitis or secondary cerebellar tonsillar herniation caused by increased intracranial pressure due to intracranial masses or may have been due to caudal compression of the cerebellum caused by increased intracranial pressure due to hydrocephalus.KEY WORDS: feline, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), syringomyelia.

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confidence: 77%

MRI of Secondary Cervical Syringomyelia in Four Cats

Okada

Kitagawa

Ito

et al. 2009

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…Moreover, it has been reported that FIP is a common infectious disease causing feline hydrocephalus [7]. In this case, enlargement of the ventricles was detected and the margin of the brainstem and fourth ventricle were enhanced in the contrast-T1 weighted images.…”

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confidence: 61%

A Feline Case of Isolated Fourth Ventricle with Syringomyelia Suspected to be Related with Feline Infectious Peritonitis

Kitagawa

Okada

Sato

et al. 2007

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. A one-year-old female cat was unable to stand. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed, and an enlargement of the lateral, third, and fourth ventricles and syringomyelia were detected. The cat was diagnosed with an isolated fourth ventricle (IFV) with syringomyelia. The serum isoantibody test for the feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus was 1:3,200. After the cat died, a pathological examination revealed nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis. We suspected that the IFV, detected in the cat, was associated with FIP encephalomyelitis. To our knowledge, there has been no report on IFV in veterinary medicine. KEY WORDS: feline, isolated fourth ventricle, syringomyelia.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 69 (7): [759][760][761][762] 2007 Isolated fourth ventricle (IFV) occurs when the fourth ventricle communicates with neither the third ventricle nor the basal cisterns due to blockage of the sylvian aqueduct and outlet of the fourth ventricle. In human medicine, IFV commonly occurs following shunting treatment for hydrocephalus [6,17]. In veterinary medicine, to our knowledge, there has been no report regarding IFV. Syringomyelia is a disease that causes cavities in the spinal cord and may be associated with neoplasm, anomaly, arachnitis, trauma, etc [1]. Moreover, it has been reported that in human medicine, syringomyelia is caused secondary to IFV [10]. Here, we report the case of a cat having IFV with syringomyelia suspected to be related with feline infectious peritonitis (FIV) encephalomyelitis.A one-year-old female cat with a body weight of 2.64 kg was unable to stand following treatment for ataxia at a private hospital. The postural reaction test revealed absence in the left limb and the right pelvic limb and decrease in the right thoracic limb. The menace reaction had also decreased. Moreover, the cat was unwilling to stretch her neck. The cat was admitted to our hospital (Nihon University Animal Medical Center) for a detailed examination. She exhibited anorexia, loss of body weight, and tetraplegia. Neurological examination revealed that all the limbs showed a decreased response in the postural reaction test; however, no abnormalities were noted in the cranial nerve test. We suspected that the cat had a lesion in the cranial and/or cervical area and hence, we performed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (0.5 Tesla, FlexArt, Toshiba, Tokyo) and collected cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The MRI revealed enlargement of the fourth ventricle and a mild enlargedment of the third and lateral ventricles (Fig. 1a, b, c). The images of inner wall of the fourth ventricle and the margin of the brain stem were enhanced by using a contrast agent (gadoteridol, 0.1 mmol/kg: ProHance ® , BRACCO International). Moreover, stenosis of the sylvian aqueduct, herniation of the cerebellum, and cervical syringomyelia were noted ( Fig. 2a, b; arrow and arrowheads). The periphery of the ventricles and meninges showed hyperintensity on the fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLARE) images (Fig. 3). CSF analysis revealed 423 mg/dl of protein, 280...

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“…One study of hydrocephalus revealed a success rate range of improving clinical signs ranging from 50% to 90% in dogs that had undergone ventriculoperitoneal shunting. VP shunt systems have three required components: a ventricular catheter, siphone control mechanism, and distal catheter (Harrington and Moore, 1996). There are two approaches of placing the ventricular catheter in the frontal horn: anterior placement and posterior placement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The choice of treatment is generally based on physical status, age, and the cause of hydrocephalus (Harrington and Moore, 1996). Usually, medical treatments such as diuretics and glucocorticoids are applied to the animal to decrease CSF volume before surgical treatment (Coates and Axlund, 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Application of ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement through fontanelle in a hydrocephalus dog: a case report

Woo¹,

Lee²,

Kim³

et al. 2009

Vet. Med. - Czech

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A two and a half year old Chihuahua intact male dog weighing 1.7 kg was referred to our Animal Medical Centre presenting with ataxia, seizure, nystagmus, tremor, and tilt. Additionally, it was not able to stand and sit. Physical examination, palpation, neurology examination, complete blood count (CBC), serum chemistry test, radiographs (X-ray), ultrasonography (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were all performed. Open fontanelle, domeshaped calvarium, a thinning of bone structure, and asymmetrically enlarged lateral ventricles on the right were found on diagnostic imaging. Accordingly, the dog was diagnosed with hydrocephalus. A VP shunt placement was performed as surgical treatment. The ventricular catheter was placed into the right lateral ventricle through the fontanelle insertion site and the distal catheter was placed in the abdomen using the percutaneous technique. After surgery, anorexia, seizure, tremor, and nystagmus disappeared. Also, the dog could stand and walk without support; however, gait was slow and not completely normal and the tilt remained.

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Hydrocephalus

Cited by 49 publications

References 20 publications

MRI of Secondary Cervical Syringomyelia in Four Cats

MRI of Secondary Cervical Syringomyelia in Four Cats

A Feline Case of Isolated Fourth Ventricle with Syringomyelia Suspected to be Related with Feline Infectious Peritonitis

Application of ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement through fontanelle in a hydrocephalus dog: a case report

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