Hydrobiological Aspects of Saturated, Methyl-Branched, and Cyclic Fatty Acids Derived from Aquatic Ecosystems: Origin, Distribution, and Biological Activity
Abstract:This review focuses on the hydrobiological aspects of saturated, methyl-branched, and cyclic fatty acids (FA) derived from aquatic ecosystems. This short review presents the distribution of about 60 FA in various living organisms inhabiting the aquatic environment as well as in marine and freshwater sediments. In addition, it is important to determine the biological activity of saturated, methyl-branched, and cyclic fatty acids. An interesting finding was that some cyclic FA show antiplatelet activity. The gen… Show more
“…Several comparative studies have shown that PASS is more predictive than some other recently developed methods for assessing biological activity profiles [197,198], although this program is not sufficiently effective for complex molecules or optical isomers. To calculate the pharmacological potential profile of natural substances, we have successfully used PASS for the past fifteen years [200][201][202][203][204][205].…”
Section: Structure-activity Relationships and Biological Activities O...mentioning
: In the proposed review, the pharmacological profile of unique, rare, and unusual fatty acids derived from natural amides is considered. These amides are produced by various microorganisms, lichens, and fungi. The biological activity of some natural fatty acid amides has been determined by their isolation from natural sources, but the biological activity of fatty acids has not been practically studied. According to QSAR data, the biological activity of fatty acids is shown, which demonstrated strong antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, antineoplastic, anti-inflammatory activities. Moreover, some fatty acids have shown rare activities such as antidiabetic, anti-infective, anti-eczematic, antimutagenic, and anti-psoriatic activities. For some fatty acids that have pronounced biological properties, 3D graphs are shown that show a graphical representation of unique activities. These data are undoubtedly of both theoretical and practical interest for chemists, pharmacologists, as well as for the pharmaceutical industry, which is engaged in the synthesis of biologically active drugs.
“…Several comparative studies have shown that PASS is more predictive than some other recently developed methods for assessing biological activity profiles [197,198], although this program is not sufficiently effective for complex molecules or optical isomers. To calculate the pharmacological potential profile of natural substances, we have successfully used PASS for the past fifteen years [200][201][202][203][204][205].…”
Section: Structure-activity Relationships and Biological Activities O...mentioning
: In the proposed review, the pharmacological profile of unique, rare, and unusual fatty acids derived from natural amides is considered. These amides are produced by various microorganisms, lichens, and fungi. The biological activity of some natural fatty acid amides has been determined by their isolation from natural sources, but the biological activity of fatty acids has not been practically studied. According to QSAR data, the biological activity of fatty acids is shown, which demonstrated strong antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, antineoplastic, anti-inflammatory activities. Moreover, some fatty acids have shown rare activities such as antidiabetic, anti-infective, anti-eczematic, antimutagenic, and anti-psoriatic activities. For some fatty acids that have pronounced biological properties, 3D graphs are shown that show a graphical representation of unique activities. These data are undoubtedly of both theoretical and practical interest for chemists, pharmacologists, as well as for the pharmaceutical industry, which is engaged in the synthesis of biologically active drugs.
The objective of this study was to analyze the fatty acid composition of five strains from the genera Chlorella, Micractinium, and Meyerella and conduct an initial assessment of their biotechnological potential. It was found that the strain C. vulgaris VKM Al-335 is a good producer of palmitic acid, the Micractinium strains VKM Al-332 and VKM Al-343 are rich in ω-3 fatty acids, whereas the Meyerella strains VKM Al-346 and VKM Al-428 are producers of ω-6 fatty acids. A comparison of the biotechnological potential of algae with that of higher plant leaves (wheat) demonstrates that algal fatty acids exhibit greater diversity, although it is inferior to wheat leaves in terms of polyunsaturated and ω-3 fatty acids. Correlation analysis showed that when only straight-chain fatty acids were considered, the strains were distributed on the principal component analysis plot in accordance with their genetic relationships. However, when the entire fatty acid profile, inclusive of minor branched-chain and cyclic fatty acids, was analyzed, the algae distribution was in accordance with the environmental conditions in the original habitat, suggesting a possible connection between branched-chain and cyclic fatty acids and microalgae adaptability to environmental temperature conditions.
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