Hydroalcoholic and polyphenolic extracts of Ziziphus Jujuba Mill fruits prevent methyl methanesulfonate-induced DNA damage in HepG2 cells

Abstract

Introduction Constantly, cells undergo destructive oxidative stress processes, which could originate either from exogenous or endogenous sources. Cells withstand this occurrence through engaging several distinct defense mechanisms ranging from free radical scavengers such as glutathione (GSH), vitamins C, and antioxidant enzymes to the elaborate DNA repair systems (1). Genetic alterations to the DNA both in somatic and germ cells can induce a plethora of events, from single-point mutations to chromosomal break, rearrangements or loss, which finally lead to several genetic-related diseases among which is also cancer (2). In order to identify genotoxic molecules, researchers perform specified assays contributing DNA damage in toxically affected cells. Loss of excision repair, cross-linking, alkali-labile sites, point mutations, structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations, and the compromised integrity of the genetic material have been known as the leading Abstract Ziziphus jujuba Mill (ZJ), which has been extensively used by the Iranian traditional healers, belongs to the Ramnaceae family. This semitropical herb contains large quantities of polyphenols and flavonoids, which in turn reveal antioxidant, antibacterial, free radical scavengering, and several other pharmacological activities. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the DNA damage prevention potential of hydroalcoholic and polyphenolic extracts of Ziziphus jujuba on HepG2 cells. Throughout the assessment of genoprotective properties, cells were incubated with various concentrations of hydroalcoholic (0.1, 1, 10, and 50 µg/ml) and polyphenolic extracts (0.1 and 1 µg/ml) for a one-hour period, followed by a one-hour incubation period with genotoxic concentration of methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) (10 µM). The comet assay method was applied because of its being attributable to the substantial sensitivity, its inexpensiveness, and its straightforward procedure of use. The tail length, percentage of DNA in tail, and tail moment were measured. Statistical analysis revealed that concentrations of 10 μg/ml for hydroalcoholic extract and 1μg/ml for polyphenolic extract were genoprotective against MMS. Therefore, our results suggest that Ziziphus jujuba at suitable doses can prevent DNA damage.

In Vitro Hypoglycemic and Anti-Inflammatory Potential and Toxicity of Powders from Pulp and by-Products of Ziziphus mistol from Argentina

“…Similar results were previously obtained for whole-fruit extracts of Z. mistol [ 32 ]. Although there are no reports on the genotoxicity of Z. mistol seed, pulp, and skin extracts, studies indicate the absence of toxicity for Z. jujuba extracts on the DNA of cells such as lymphocytes, PC12 cells, and HepG2 cells [ 42 , 43 , 44 ].…”

Potential antigenotoxicity assessment of Ziziphus jujuba fruit

“…The results obtained by us are in agreement with those reported by others. Ziziphus fruit extract was reported to be non toxic to PC12 cells [43], HepG2 cells [44] and normal human lymphocytes [45]. On the contrary cytotoxic activity of Ziziphus fruit extract was reported on tumor cells [45], breast cancer cells [46] and Triticum vegetal cells [47].…”

“…Recently, Etebari et al. [44] reported that Ziziphus jujuba could prevent genotoxicity induced by MMS in HepG2 cells. This reduction of DNA damage was attributed to the interactions of the phenolics, flavonoid, BA and the antioxidants present in Ziziphus .…”

In vitro evaluation of cytotoxic impact of Adenium obesum crude extract on EJ138 bladder carcinoma cells

“…The alkaline comet assay, a sensitive, cost-effective, and rapid technique for detecting DNA fragmentation in individual cells (21), was employed to determine the mode of cell death (apoptosis or necrosis) induced by the crude extract (20) from the Adenium obesum plant. The assay was performed as follows: 12×10 4 cells were seeded in a 24-well plate with 300 microliters of serum-free medium and incubated overnight for cell attachment.…”