Bayldonite, (Cu,Zn)3Pb(AsOa)2(OH)2 from Tsumeb, S.W. Africa, is monoclinic, space group C2/c, with cell dimensions: a = 10.147(2), b = 5.892(1), c = 14.081 (2) A, fl = 106.05 (1) ° and Z = 4. The crystal structure has been determined by the heavy-atom method and refined by the full-matrix least-squares method to an R factor of 0.053 for 1057 observed Xray reflections. The crystal structure of bayldonite consists of interconnected Cu octahedral layers and lead arsenate polyhedral-tetrahedral layers which alternate along the c axis, giving rise to complex pseudohexagonal layers parallel to (001). The Cu octahedral sheet, with six-membered octahedral tings, is formed by three crystallographically indep_endent [CuO4(On)2] octahedra with point symmetry 1, showing Jahn-Teller distortion; the square-planar Cu-O (or OH) distances vary from 1.878 to 2.087 A (average 1.970 A), whereas the apical Cu-O distances vary from 2.272 to 2.474 A. The PbO s polyhedron is a square antiprism with an average Pb--O bond length of 2.722/k. The tetrahedral As-O bond lengths vary from 1.66 to 1.724 A (average 1-696 A). The H atom appears to be disordered between the (OH) group and a highly charge-deficient O atom, which is bonded to one Pb atom, in addition to the As atom. The observed twinning, cleavage and crystal habit result from the pseudohexagonal nature of the layer structure.