Hydraulic redistribution of water from <i>Pinus ponderosa</i> trees to seedlings: evidence for an ectomycorrhizal pathway

Warren, Jeffrey M.; Brooks, J. Renée; Meinzer, Frederick C.; Eberhart, Joyce

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02377.x

Cited by 119 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…In this regard, EM and AM fungi may differ significantly. Unlike AM, EM fungi are capable of forming relatively largediameter rhizomorphs made of fused hyphae where hydraulic conductance is high enough to contribute significant water to plants (Brownlee et al, 1983;Warren et al, 2008). Of course, these larger hyphae may be unable to access the finest matrix pores.…”

Section: Hypothesis 8 Mycorrhizal Fungi Can Use Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviews and syntheses: on the roles trees play in building and plumbing the critical zone

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Trees, the most successful biological power plants on earth, build and plumb the critical zone (CZ) in ways that we do not yet understand. To encourage exploration of the character and implications of interactions between trees and soil in the CZ, we propose nine hypotheses that can be tested at diverse settings. The hypotheses are roughly divided into those about the architecture (building) and those about the water (plumbing) in the CZ, but the two functions are intertwined. Depending upon one's disciplinary background, many of the nine hypotheses listed below may appear obviously true or obviously false. (1) Tree roots can only physically penetrate and biogeochemically comminute the immobile substrate underlying mobile soil where that underlying substrate is fractured or pre-weathered. (2) In settings where the thickness of weathered material, H , is large, trees primarily shape the CZ through biogeochemical reactions within the rooting zone. (3) In forested uplands, the thickness of mobile soil, h, can evolve toward a steady state because of feedbacks related to root disruption and tree throw. (4) In settings where h H and the rates of uplift and erosion are low, the uptake of phosphorus into trees is buffered by the fine-grained fraction of the soil, and the ultimate source of this phosphorus is dust. (5) In settings of limited water availability, trees maintain the highest length density of functional roots at depths where water can be extracted over most of the growing season with the least amount of energy expenditure. (6) Trees grow the majority of their roots in the zone where the most growth-limiting resource is abundant, but they also grow roots at other depths to forage for other resources and to hydraulically redistribute those resources to depths where they can be taken up more efficiently. (7) Trees rely on matrix water in the unsaturated zone that at times may have anPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 5116 S. L. Brantley et al.: Reviews and syntheses: on the roles trees play in building and plumbing the critical zone isotopic composition distinct from the gravity-drained water that transits from the hillslope to groundwater and streamflow. (8) Mycorrhizal fungi can use matrix water directly, but trees can only use this water by accessing it indirectly through the fungi. (9) Even trees growing well above the valley floor of a catchment can directly affect stream chemistry where changes in permeability near the rooting zone promote intermittent zones of water saturation and downslope flow of water to the stream. By testing these nine hypotheses, we will generate important new cross-disciplinary insights that advance CZ science.

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Section: Hypothesis 8 Mycorrhizal Fungi Can Use Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviews and syntheses: on the roles trees play in building and plumbing the critical zone

et al. 2017

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“…Recently, an experiment using deuterium labelled water presented strong evidence for hydraulic redistribution of soil water by a common mycorrhizal network from mature trees to seedlings under field conditions (Warren et al 2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

The production and turnover of extramatrical mycelium of ectomycorrhizal fungi in forest soils: role in carbon cycling

et al. 2013

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There is growing evidence of the importance of extramatrical mycelium (EMM) of mycorrhizal fungi in carbon (C) cycling in ecosystems. However, our understanding has until recently been mainly based on laboratory experiments, and knowledge of such basic parameters as variations in mycelial production, standing biomass and turnover as well as the regulatory mechanisms behind such variations in forest soils is limited. Presently, the production of EMM by ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi has been Plant Soil (2013) at~140 different forest sites to be up to several hundreds of kg per ha per year, but the published data are biased towards Picea abies in Scandinavia. Little is known about the standing biomass and turnover of EMM in other systems, and its influence on the C stored or lost from soils. Here, focussing on ectomycorrhizas, we discuss the factors that regulate the production and turnover of EMM and its role in soil C dynamics, identifying important gaps in this knowledge. C availability seems to be the key factor determining EMM production and possibly its standing biomass in forests but direct effects of mineral nutrient availability on the EMM can be important. There is great uncertainty about the rate of turnover of EMM. There is increasing evidence that residues of EM fungi play a major role in the formation of stable N and C in SOM, which highlights the need to include mycorrhizal effects in models of global soil C stores.

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“…I note that in this study grasses have access to water hydraulically lifted by woody plants, as shown by a number of other authors Zou et al, 2005;Scott et al, 2008) and in contrast to other studies suggesting that the hydraulically lifted water may remain confined to microsites within the soil profile close to the roots that have performed hydraulic lift (Brooks et al, 2006). Recent studies indicate that grasses may take up lifted water through ecto-and endomycorrhizal networks (CMNs) (Egerton-Warburton et al, 2007;Warren et al, 2008). Past studies suggested that HL plays an important role in the facilitation of woody plants on grasses (Riginos et al, 2009;Moustakas et al, 2013;Dohn et al, 2013).…”

Section: Case Study: Kalahari Transect In Southern Africamentioning

confidence: 44%

“…The benefits gained by shallow-rooted plants in scavenging lifted water have been documented in experimental studies (Richards and Caldwell, 1987;Zou et al, 2005;Brooks et al, 2006). More recent studies indicate that shallow-rooted plants can directly take up lifted water through ecto-and endomycorrhizal networks (CMNs) (EgertonWarburton et al, 2007;Warren et al, 2008). However, the hydraulic lifter itself may be a strong competitor for lifted water and thus competition may dominate (Ludwig et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study focuses on the effects of HR on transpiration within plant communities. Water that is brought from the deep to the shallow layers can be used not only by plants that redistribute the water, but also by plants in the surrounding areas (Richards and Caldwell, 1987;Horton and Hart, 1998;Zou et al, 2005;Brooks et al, 2006) either directly via root uptake, or indirectly via ecto-and endomycorrhizal networks (CMNs) (Egerton-Warburton et al, 2007;Warren et al, 2008). In times of water stress, this phenomenon may prevent plants from reaching their wilting point.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global Environmental Change in Drylands: Ecohydrological Controls on Plant Communities

Yu¹

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Drylands cover much of the terrestrial land surface and many people depend on them as sources of their livelihoods. In the past few decades human activities associated with fossil fuel burning, fertilizer applications, and land use change have dramatically increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations and other trace gases (i.e., NO and NO2) as well as atmospheric temperature, a trend that is expected to continue in the decades to come. Global climate models predict increased precipitation variability at intra-annual, interannual and decadal time scales, especially in dryland regions. These changes in environmental conditions combined with human activities have led and will lead to significant changes in vegetation cover and plant community composition, with important impacts on ecohydrological and geochemical processes, regional

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Hydraulic redistribution of water from Pinus ponderosa trees to seedlings: evidence for an ectomycorrhizal pathway

Cited by 119 publications

References 48 publications

Reviews and syntheses: on the roles trees play in building and plumbing the critical zone

Reviews and syntheses: on the roles trees play in building and plumbing the critical zone

The production and turnover of extramatrical mycelium of ectomycorrhizal fungi in forest soils: role in carbon cycling

Global Environmental Change in Drylands: Ecohydrological Controls on Plant Communities

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