Hydraulic properties of biological soil crusts on sand dunes studied by 13C-CP/MAS-NMR: A comparison between an arid and a temperate site

Fischer, Thomas; Yair, Aaron; Veste, Maik; Geppert, Helmut

doi:10.1016/j.catena.2013.06.002

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Water repellency typically occurs on very dry surfaces. It well might be that a slow increase of the relative humidity near the ground and in soil pores, which is typical before dew starts to form after sunset, causes hydration of polysaccharides, thus preconditioning the surface for later liquid water adsorption (Fischer et al, 2012b). Liu et al (2006) and Zhang et al (2009) reported increasing dewfall with crust development, which can be confirmed 4626 T. Fischer et al: Dew formation on the surface of biological soil crusts by our data.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Dew formation on the surface of biological soil crusts in central European sand ecosystems

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Dew formation was investigated in three developmental stages of biological soil crusts (BSC), which were collected along a catena of an inland dune and in the initial substrate. The Penman equation, which was developed for saturated surfaces, was modified for unsaturated surfaces and used for prediction of dewfall rates. The levels of surface saturation required for this approach were predicted using the water retention functions and the thicknesses of the BSCs. During a first field campaign (2-3 August 2011), dewfall increased from 0.042 kg m −2 for the initial sandy substrate to 0.058, 0.143 and 0.178 kg m −2 for crusts 1 to 3, respectively. During a second field campaign (17-18 August 2011), where dew formation was recorded in 1.5 to 2.75-h intervals after installation at 21:30 CEST, dewfall increased from 0.011 kg m −2 for the initial sandy substrate to 0.013, 0.028 and 0.055 kg m −2 for crusts 1 to 3, respectively. Dewfall rates remained on low levels for the substrate and for crust 1, and decreased overnight for crusts 2 and 3 (with crust 3 > crust 2 > crust 1 throughout the campaign). Dew formation was well reflected by the model response. The suggested mechanism of dew formation involves a delay in water saturation in near-surface soil pores and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) where the crusts were thicker and where the water capacity was high, resulting in elevated vapor flux towards the surface. The results also indicate that the amount of dewfall was too low to saturate the BSCs and to observe water flow into deeper soil. Analysis of the soil water retention curves revealed that, despite the sandy mineral matrix, moist crusts clogged by swollen EPS pores exhibited a claylike behavior. It is hypothesized that BSCs gain double benefit from suppressing their competitors by runoff generation and from improving their water supply by dew collection. Despite higher amounts of dew, the water availability to the crust community decreases with crust development, which may be compensated by ecophysiological adaptation of crust organisms, and which may further suppress higher vegetation or mosses.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Dew formation on the surface of biological soil crusts in central European sand ecosystems

et al. 2012

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“…The modifications in hydrological surface properties are due to a multitude of factors associated with the BSCs, including texture (Fischer et al, 2013), surface roughness (Rodríguez-Caballero et al, 2012), vesicular porosity and capillary barriers , pore clogging and swelling of organic crust components (Fischer et al, 2010;Kidron et al, 1999) as well as water repellency (WR) (Drahorad et al, 2013b;Fischer et al, 2010). Recently the importance of the single factors have not been characterized systematically, as the complex interactions between them make it difficult to state general claims on their importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…alkyl chain length, alkyl chain saturation, ionized molecules). This may explain the inconsistent results on whether or not the amount of soil organic matter (SOM) has an influence on the occurrence or severity of WR (Aelamanesh et al, 2014;Eynard et al, 2006;Hajnos et al, 2013;Mataix-Solera et al, 2013;Mataix-Solera and Doerr, 2004;Mirbabaei et al, 2013;Varela et al, 2005;Vogelmann et al, 2013;Woche et al, 2005) and the findings of pronounced differences in the effects of a range of organic molecules on WR (de Blas et al, 2013;Doerr et al, 2000;Fischer et al, 2013;Simkovic et al, 2008). WR can be assessed by means of the water drop penetration time (WDPT) test (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the sand dune ecosystems of the NW Negev the content of SOM within the BSC is higher compared to the topsoil (Drahorad et al, 2013a;Yair et al, 2011). Moreover, the living crust components like green algae, cyanobacteria, bacteria, lichens and filamentous fungi produce extracellular polymeric substances that are reported to possess hydrophobic properties Fischer et al, 2010Fischer et al, , 2013Hakanpää et al, 2004;Rillig, 2005;Young et al, 2012). This led scientists to elaborate on WR of the BSCs within the NW Negev using the WDPT test (Kidron et al, , 2010Kidron and Büdel, 2014;Yair et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological soil crusts cause subcritical water repellency in a sand dune ecosystem located along a rainfall gradient in the NW Negev desert, Israel

Keck¹,

Felde

Drahorad

et al. 2016

Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics

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Abstract:The biological soil crusts (BSCs) in the NW Negev cause local water redistribution by increasing surface runoff. The effects of pore clogging and swelling of organic and inorganic crust components were intensively investigated in earlier studies. However, the effect of water repellency (WR) was not addressed systematically yet. This study investigates subcritical WR of BSCs in three different study sites in the NW Negev. For this purpose, three common methods to determine soil WR were used: (i) the repellency index (RI) method (ii) the water drop penetration time (WDPT) test and (iii) the Wilhelmy plate method (WPM). Furthermore, the potential influence of WR on local water redistribution is discussed and the applied methods are compared. We found the BSC to be subcritically water repellent. The degree of WR may only affect water redistribution on a microscale and has little influence on the ecosystem as a whole. The RI method was clearly the most appropriate to use, whereas the WDPT and the WPM failed to detect subcritical WR.

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“…The molecular composition of natural organic materials in the studied soils were performed by solid‐state 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements according Fischer et al after removal of paramagnetic compounds with triple extraction by 10% HF using a Bruker Avance III 400 NMR spectrometer operating at a frequency of 100.665 MHz. It was applied cross polarization with magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) with a contact time of 1 ms, acquisition time of 25.44 ms, spin speed of 4.0 kHz, and with 24 000 scans.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Activity and Decomposition of Soil Organic Matter in Roadside Soils Contaminated With Petroleum Hydrocarbons

Mykhailova

Fischer

Iurchenko³

2018

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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Petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) are the most widespread organic pollutants of roadside soils, the reclamation of which is costly due to large areas affected, and natural PHs biodegradation is the only way of mitigating negative ecological consequences. This study aimed to investigate the microbial response to PHs in roadside soils and to identify soil organic matter (SOM) and PHs involved in biodegradation processes. To address this aim, soil respiration is related to light (chain‐length ≤C14) medium (C15–C27), and heavy fractions (≥C28) of total PHs, and to SOM components: carbohydrates, proteins, lignin, aliphates, carbonyl/carboxyl, and char amounts of soils sampled at distances of up to 100 m from three roads in Kharkiv, Ukraine. A close relation between soil respiration and ratio of the light fraction to the sum of medium and heavy alkane fractions indicate the preferential mineralization of more biodegradable light PHs fractions. A positive relation between soil respiration and carbohydrate C, as well as negative correlation with aliphatic C, indicate preferred degradation of carbohydrates compared to more recalcitrant aliphates. Carbohydrate content increased and aliphatic C decreased with distance from the roads, and carbohydrates decreased with PHs concentration, indicating increased degradation of carbohydrates at high PHs concentrations (positive priming). It is concluded that microorganisms generate the energy required for PHs degradation by enhanced oxidation of native SOM where carbohydrates were of paramount importance.

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Hydraulic properties of biological soil crusts on sand dunes studied by 13C-CP/MAS-NMR: A comparison between an arid and a temperate site

Cited by 34 publications

References 30 publications

Dew formation on the surface of biological soil crusts in central European sand ecosystems

Dew formation on the surface of biological soil crusts in central European sand ecosystems

Biological soil crusts cause subcritical water repellency in a sand dune ecosystem located along a rainfall gradient in the NW Negev desert, Israel

Microbial Activity and Decomposition of Soil Organic Matter in Roadside Soils Contaminated With Petroleum Hydrocarbons

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