Hydraulic Lift in Cork Oak Trees in a Savannah-Type Mediterranean Ecosystem and its Contribution to the Local Water Balance

Kurz‐Besson, Cathy; Otieno, Dennis; Lobo‐do‐Vale, Raquel; Siegwolf, Rolf; Schmidt, Mark; Herd, Alastair; Nogueira, Carla; David, Teresa S.; David, Jorge S.; Tenhunen, John; Pereira, J. S.; Chaves, M. M.

doi:10.1007/s11104-006-0005-4

Cited by 131 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Due to their long-term evolutionary adaptation to long periods without rain and high temperatures, typical Mediterranean tree species, particularly evergreen oaks, are particularly adapted to cope with moderate drought without significant losses of production and survival (Ramirez-Valiente et al 2009. For example, although not so drought tolerant as Q. ilex (described as one of the most drought-resistant oaks), cork oak presents rather drought-tolerant traits such as deep roots (Kurz-Besson et al 2006). However, Mediterranean forests are now facing problems due to the rapid environmental changes (Lindner et al 2014).…”

Section: Fagaceae Mycorrhization In a Mediterraneanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycorrhization of Fagaceae Forests Within Mediterranean Ecosystems

Reis

Tavares

Baptista

et al. 2017

Mycorrhiza - Function, Diversity, State of the Art

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Mediterranean Fagaceae forests are valuable due to their ecological and socioeconomic aspects. Some profitable plant species, such as Castanea (timber and chestnut), Quercus (timber and cork), and Fagus (timber), encounter in this habitat the excellent edaphoclimatic conditions to develop. All Fagaceae plants are commonly associated to ECM fungal species, which are found in these forests in quite stable communities, mainly enriched in Russulaceae and Telephoraceae species. Currently, the Mediterranean Basin is considered as one of the global biodiversity hotspots, since many of their endemic plant species are not found elsewhere and are now under threat. Due to climate changing and introduction of disease agents, Fagaceae forests are facing an adaptation challenge to both biotic and abiotic threats. Although ECM communities are highly disturbed by climate factors and tree disease incidence, they could play an important role in increasing water availability to the plant and also improving plant tree defense against pathogens. Recent advances, namely, on genomics and transcriptomics, are providing tools for increasing the understanding of Fagaceae mycorrhization process and stress responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Such studies can provide new information for the implementation of the most adequate management policies for protecting threaten Mediterranean forests.

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Section: Fagaceae Mycorrhization In a Mediterraneanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycorrhization of Fagaceae Forests Within Mediterranean Ecosystems

Reis

Tavares

Baptista

et al. 2017

Mycorrhiza - Function, Diversity, State of the Art

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“…An increasing number of studies also show a link between drought and cork growth reduction (Caritat et al 2000), as well as tree mortality (Allen et al 2010;Carnicer et al 2011). Despite being a species resistant to drought due to its deep root system and to the water lift adaptation mechanism (Kurz-Besson et al 2006), the cork oak can be affected by this phenomenon (David et al 2007;Grant et al 2010). Reduction of tree resistance to biotic factors, especially xylophagous insects, due to water stress is a well-known mechanism (Allen et al 2010;Choi 2011;Sallé et al 2014).…”

Section: Effect Of Climate Change On Cork Oak Pestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cork oak pests: a review of insect damage and management

Tiberi

Branco

Bracalini

et al. 2016

Annals of Forest Science

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Abstract& Key message Cork oak decline is widespread in all its distribution range and seems to be triggered mainly by both mismanagement and unfavorable climatic factors. As a result, cork oak forests become susceptible to pest attack, which accelerates the onset of decline. Pest management strategies for this valuable and highly biodiverse ecosystem are examined in this review, taking into account the main insect pests and how their impact on cork oak forests is affected by climate change. While monitoring pests may provide the tools to predict the transition from endemic to epidemic insect populations, forestry practices (sanitary felling), biological control, and trapping are some of the most promising measures in protecting cork oak forests. & Context Over the last decades, cork oak (Quercus suber L.) decline has affected millions of trees throughout its distribution range. Cork oak is a typically Mediterranean species remarkably relevant for the biodiversity and landscape conservation of vast evergreen oak forests. Cork oak is also well known and highly valued for cork production. Climatic changes, management practices, and biotic factors, particularly plant pathogens and insect pests, play a decisive role in tree death and market devaluation of cork. & Aims Here, we review the major insect pests possibly involved in cork oak decline, while discussing pest management strategies. & Methods A survey of the current literature was performed to identify major insect pests affecting cork oak trees, as well as to establish the most promising pest management strategies under climate change. & Results Many authors seem to agree that the decline is triggered by both anthropogenic and abiotic factors, such as the mismanagement of cork oak forests and unfavorable climate (high temperatures and droughts). Consequently, trees become susceptible to pests and pathogens, which accelerate the onset of decline. & Conclusion Since a further increase in temperatures and droughts is expected, developing adequate management strategies to adapt cork oak trees to climate change, while simultaneously preventing and reducing insect pest attacks, is of foremost importance in the effort to conserve these unique and highly diverse ecosystems.Keywords Quercus suber . Cork oak decline . Climate change . Forest management Handling Editor: Aurelien SALLE Contribution of the co-authors Riziero Tiberi and Tiziana Panzavolta: conceived the idea, supervised literature reviewing, wrote the manuscript, and reviewed its final version. Manuela Branco: contributed to the writing of the manuscript, the reviewing of literature, and the revision of the final draft. Matteo Bracalini: contributed to the writing of the paper, the selection of literature, and the English revision of the manuscript. Francesco Croci: contributed to the writing of the manuscript and the assembling of related literature. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

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“…Deep roots play a fundamental role during the dry season, because they reach deeper layers where water depletion is not as widespread as at the surface. In fact, the dominant oak trees in Mediterranean woodlands seem to get water from even deeper depths (groundwater), particularly during the dry season (Kurz-Besson et al, 2006). Another example is the Ibero-North African dryland steppe, dominated by the perennial alpha grass (Stipa tenacissima L.).…”

Section: Plant-soil Key Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil indicators to assess the effectiveness of restoration strategies in dryland ecosystems

Costantini¹,

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Soil indicators may be used for assessing both land suitability for restoration and the effectiveness of restoration strategies in restoring ecosystem functioning and services. In this review paper, several soil indicators, which can be used to assess the effectiveness of ecological restoration strategies in dryland ecosystems at different spatial and temporal scales, are discussed. The selected indicators represent the different viewpoints of pedology, ecology, hydrology, and land management. Two overall outcomes stem from the review. (i) The success of restoration projects relies on a proper understanding of their ecology, namely the relationships between soil, plants, hydrology, climate, and land management at different scales, which are particularly complex due to the heterogeneous pattern of ecosystems functioning in drylands.(ii) The selection of the most suitable soil indicators follows a clear identification of the different and sometimes competing ecosystem services that the project is aimed at restoring.

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Hydraulic Lift in Cork Oak Trees in a Savannah-Type Mediterranean Ecosystem and its Contribution to the Local Water Balance

Cited by 131 publications

References 59 publications

Mycorrhization of Fagaceae Forests Within Mediterranean Ecosystems

Mycorrhization of Fagaceae Forests Within Mediterranean Ecosystems

Cork oak pests: a review of insect damage and management

Soil indicators to assess the effectiveness of restoration strategies in dryland ecosystems

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