Hydraulic fracture reopening pressure and the estimation of maximum horizontal stress

Ito, Takatoshi; Evans, Keith F.; Kawai, Kei; Hayashi, Kazuo

doi:10.1016/s0148-9062(99)00053-4

Cited by 94 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This result shows that Q is not the key factor underlying the discrepancy between P (a) r and P r 0 , while the discrepancy will become larger than in the case of Fig. 2 with increasing Q, as has been shown in Ito et al (1999).…”

Section: True and Apparent Reopening Pressuressupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Based on this assumption and with the aid of numerical simulation, we examined how the residual aperture affects pressure distribution in the fracture and pressure variation in a borehole during the hydrofracturing test. Details on the numerical model have been reported in previous papers (Ito and Hayashi, 1994;Ito et al, 1999). We assumed the induced fracture to be a 2D fracture, as illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: True and Apparent Reopening Pressuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, at the time around t = 184 (sec), the fracture aperture increases abruptly with small increments in borehole pressure; at the same time the P-t curve begins to deviate from the initial linear trend. Assuming a negligible pressure gradient in the fracture, the effect of fracture opening on the borehole pressure variation can be expressed as follows (Ito et al, 1999):…”

Section: True and Apparent Reopening Pressuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, this large error in the estimates of maximum stress, S H , based on the re-opening pressure may cause serious problems. Taking account of these situations, in a previous work (Ito et al, 1999) we examined the relationship between the measured reopening pressure and in-situ stresses by means of numerical simulation. The results of this simulated showed that due to the effect of hydraulic compliance of the test equipments, the measured reopening pressure will become larger than the true reopening pressure and approach the shut-in pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Crucial effect of system compliance on the maximum stress estimation in the hydrofracturing method: Theoretical considerations and field-test verification

Ito

Igarashi

Kato³

et al. 2006

Earth Planet Sp

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Why do the currently available data sets from field hydrofracturing tests indicate that the measured re-opening pressure lies close to the shut-in pressure far more often than can reasonably be expected? In order to explain such a strange phenomenon, it is necessary to take into consideration two additional factors, those of (1) a residual aperture of fracture and (2) hydraulic compliance of the test equipment, both of which are ignored in the conventional theory of hydraulic fracturing. The residual aperture causes pressure penetration into the fracture prior to opening, and its effect is to reduce the re-opening pressure by a factor of two from the value expected when the conventional theory is used. The conventional theory implies that the fracture always begins to open at a borehole pressure less than the shut-in pressure. However, due to the effect of large hydraulic compliance, the reopening pressure measured in the conventional manner becomes larger than the true reopening pressure and approaches the shut-in pressure. Contrary to this, the reopening pressure measured using the test equipment with sufficiently small compliance represents a good estimate of the true reopening pressure. This pressure is related to the maximum horizontal stress S H , and its measured value allows us to estimate the value of S H .

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Section: True and Apparent Reopening Pressuressupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: True and Apparent Reopening Pressuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: True and Apparent Reopening Pressuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Crucial effect of system compliance on the maximum stress estimation in the hydrofracturing method: Theoretical considerations and field-test verification

Ito

Igarashi

Kato³

et al. 2006

Earth Planet Sp

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“…For example, it is difficult to apply the stress relief method to a large depth because this method requires precisely co-axial drilling of the hole as well as knowledge of the elastic property of rocks under the in situ stress condition. For the HFT, Ito et al (1999) pointed out that the re-opening pressure which is used to estimate the maximum horizontal compression (S H max ) cannot be read correctly by the ordinal HFT using a hydraulic system with large compliance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of stress state around the Atera fault, central Japan, estimated using boring core samples and by improved hydraulic fracture tests

Yabe

Yamamoto

Sato³

et al. 2010

Earth Planet Sp

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An often disputed subject is whether the stress memory of rocks can be reproduced by deformation rate analysis (DRA). Doubt has also been expressed on whether a rock can memorize its stress history. We compared the stress state around the Atera fault system, central Japan, using the hydraulic fracture test (HFT) and DRA at the same boreholes. The quality of the HFT results at these holes, especially that of the magnitude of maximum horizontal compression (S H max ), was recently improved by considering the tensile strength of the borehole wall. The S H max azimuth determined by the DRA was about N-S. Although this is inconsistent with the geological presumption, it agrees well with the S H max azimuth estimated by the HFT and the drilling-induced tensile fracture (DITF). The magnitudes of horizontal principal stresses obtained by DRA were generally consistent with the improved HFT results, and the consistency between stress states estimated by the DRA and the HFT indicates the existence of stress memory. Based on our results, we conclude that the DRA can be one option for measuring the stress state of the earth's crust.

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References

2014

Rock Mechanics Based on an Anisotropic Jointed Rock Model (AJRM)

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Hydraulic fracture reopening pressure and the estimation of maximum horizontal stress

Cited by 94 publications

References 17 publications

Crucial effect of system compliance on the maximum stress estimation in the hydrofracturing method: Theoretical considerations and field-test verification

Crucial effect of system compliance on the maximum stress estimation in the hydrofracturing method: Theoretical considerations and field-test verification

Comparison of stress state around the Atera fault, central Japan, estimated using boring core samples and by improved hydraulic fracture tests

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