Hydraulic connectivity from roots to branches depicted through sap flow: analysis on a Quercus suber tree

David, Teresa S.; David, Jorge S.; Pinto, Clara A.; Čermák, Jan; Nadezhdin, Valery; Nadezhdina, Nadezhda

doi:10.1071/fp11185

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The experiment allows studies of connections through stem xylem between different parts of the tree skeleton -branches or roots. It confirms that oak has a pronounced sectorial structure such that sap in a certain part of the trunk flows only to the branches above it (David et al 2012). …”

supporting

confidence: 55%

“…However, current sap flow measuring methods, especially the HFD method , 2012a, David et al 2012, which uses multipoint sensors (Cermák & Nadezhdina 1998), permit the characterization of conduction systems in a similar way as in stem cross-section studies (see the corresponding chapter) without destroying the tree. Heterogeneity of the root distribution around the stem very often causes large variations in circumferential sap flow that decrease dramatically with stem height.…”

Section: Open Field-applicable Methods For Whole Trees and Standsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the above-cited and other related studies (in- cluding measurements of stem cross-section profiles of sap flow), Cermák et al (1992b) described these phenomena via anatomical analysis on the basis of xylem staining, which inevitably led to tree destruction. However, current sap flow measuring methods, especially the HFD method , 2012a, David et al 2012, which uses multipoint sensors , permit the characterization of conduction systems in a similar way as in stem cross-section studies (see the corresponding chapter) without destroying the tree. Heterogeneity of the root distribution around the stem very often causes large variations in circumferential sap flow that decrease dramatically with stem height.…”

Section: The Tree Conduction System and Its Hydraulic Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conduction systems of coniferous and broadleaved trees are highly variable and depend on the type of grain present, which may be sectorial, spiral, zigzag or integrated, among other possibilities (Rudinsky 1959, Rudinsky & Svihra 1970, Kozlowski & Wignet 1963, David et al 2012). In addition, the grain of the tree can change to some extent during the tree's life, complicating studies of tree behavior.…”

Section: The Tree Conduction System and Its Hydraulic Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Open field-applicable instrumental methods for structural and functional assessment of whole trees and stands

Čermák¹,

Nadezhdina²,

Trcala³

et al. 2015

iForest

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© iForest -Biogeosciences and Forestry Introduction 1Proper management of forest ecosystems from a biological perspective is dependent on classification of the natural environment for the purposes of phytotechnology (e.g., thinning operations) and forestry management. Functional management goals may include timber production as well as other important functions of forests in the landscape, such as water sources for people, but also for control of climate, maintenance of biological diversity, recreation, etc. for which importance often increases with time. Such functions have been working automatically in the past, but serious environmental impacts on forests associated with anthropogenic activities (e.g., air pollution, soil acidification) and global climatic change became apparent at the end of the 20 th century.Therefore long-term experience of foresters should be supplemented with additional objective information, which may be used to help solve new problems. This includes application of modern electronics, computers and other technologies, as well as collection of necessary data in the field especially pertaining to ecophysiology. This review provides only a brief description of methods suitable for studies at the whole tree and stand levels (and even higher levels). The methods are applicable under open forest conditions using mobile instrumentation approaches that can be used almost everywhere. They were tested in more than 60 sites and in over 50 woody species in Europe, USA and Australia. We focused on measurement and evaluation of macrostructure and water flow, because the maximum energy flow in ecosystems goes through water and water is the most frequent natural limiting factor of tree growth and functional states of whole trees and stands (if not considering polar regions and tops of high mountains). Ecologically oriented scientific fields and practically oriented field activities in forestry, arboristics, horticulture, hydrology, remote sensing and forensic engineering use many traditional and modern methods.Annual and seasonal stem growth are probably the most frequently studied processes in forestry. Usually institutions for forest management (IFM) base their practices on this valuable data on a large scale (e.g., national), which provide crucial information about timber production and yield. A great body of literature is available on this topic. However, strategy for the management of forest ecosystems in Europe elaborated over several centuries is focused on classification of the natural environment and determining potential natural vegetation and oriented not only toward production but also on preserving other important functions of forests in the landscape. A detailed version of this approach was successfully applied for over 80 years. The eventual impact of anthropogenic activities and global climatic changes led to development of ecophysiological methods applied to evaluate the functional state and development of forest ecosystems.These methods were usually overlooked in the past because prev...

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supporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Open Field-applicable Methods For Whole Trees and Standsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Tree Conduction System and Its Hydraulic Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Tree Conduction System and Its Hydraulic Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Open field-applicable instrumental methods for structural and functional assessment of whole trees and stands

Čermák¹,

Nadezhdina²,

Trcala³

et al. 2015

iForest

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“…Computer availability is no longer an issue and we expect that explicit models of xylem flow will soon emerge. We expect that filling this gap will shed light on the role of crosswalls in the generation of root hydraulic types, and in rootleaf preferential connectivity [116] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Connecting the dots between computational tools to analyse soil-root water relations

Passot

Couvreur

Meunier

et al. 2018

Preprint

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In the recent years, many computational tools, such as image analysis, data management, processbased simulation and upscaling tools, were developed to help quantify and understand water flow in the soilroot system, at multiple scales (tissue, organ, plant and population). Several of these tools work together or, at least, are compatible. However, for the uninformed researcher, they might seem disconnected, forming a unclear and disorganised succession of tools.In this article, we present how different pieces of work can be further developed by connecting them to analyse soilrootwater relations in a comprehensive and structured network. This "explicit network of soilroot computational tools" informs the reader about existing tools and help them understand how their data (past and future) might fit within the network. We also demonstrate the novel possibilities of scaleconsistent parameterizations made possible by the network with a set of case studies from the literature. Finally, we discuss existing gaps in the network and how we can move forward to fill them.. CC-BY 4.0 International license It is made available under a was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.The copyright holder for this preprint (which . http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/312918 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online May. 9, 2018; Passot, Couvreur, Meunier et al. 2018 Tools for the analysis of water relations Preprint HighlightsMany computational tools exist to quantify water flow in the soilroot system. These tools can be arranged in a comprehensive network that can be leveraged to better interpret experimental data. KeywordsComputational tools, image analysis, simulation, network, root, soil, water was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.The copyright holder for this preprint (which . http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/312918 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online May. 9, 2018; Passot, Couvreur, Meunier et al. 2018 Tools for the analysis of water relations Preprint Glossary TermDefinition Reference Standard Uptake FractionRelative distribution of root water uptake between root segments when water is equally available in space (units: %)[1]High pressure flow meter Device designed to measure the root system conductance by perfusing pressurized water into a root system opposite from the natural direction of the transpiration stream[2]Root pressure probe Device designed to measure the hydraulic conductance of a single root through variations of water pressure and flow at the cut end of a root [3] Cell pressure probe Device designed to measure the hydraulic conductivity of the membranes of a single plant cell by observing the relaxation time of water pressure pulses applied to the cell Upscaled property System property that is an output of the model, at a higher scale than the input parameters. For instance, the root radial conductivity is an upscaled property of models of root organ water f...

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Transpiration inQuercus subertrees under shallow water table conditions: the role of soil and groundwater

Pinto

Nadezhdina

David³

et al. 2013

Hydrol. Process.

Self Cite

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Abstract:Water is one of the major environmental factors limiting plant growth and survival in the Mediterranean region. Quercus suber L. woodlands occupy vast areas in the Iberian Peninsula, frequently under shallow water table conditions. The relative magnitude of soil and groundwater uptake to supply transpiration is not easy to evaluate under these circumstances. We recently developed a conceptual framework for the functioning of the root system in Q. suber that simulates well tree transpiration, based on two types of root behaviour: shallow connected and deep connected. Although this significantly improved knowledge on the functional traits of Mediterranean Q. suber, the approach has the limitation of requiring root sap flow data, which are seldom available. In this work, we present alternative methodologies to assess if trees are connected to groundwater and to estimate the soil and groundwater contributions to tree transpiration. We provide evidence on the tree unrestricted access to groundwater solely based on meteorological, stem sap flow and leaf water potential data. Using a soil mass balance approach, we estimated the yearly soil and groundwater contributions to tree transpiration: 69.7% and 30.3%, respectively. Groundwater uptake became dominant in the dry summer: 73.2% of tree transpiration. Results reproduce extremely well those derived from root modelling. Because of its simplicity both in formulation and data requirements, our approach is potentially liable to be adapted to other groundwaterdependent Mediterranean oak sites, where interactions between land use and water resources may be relevant.

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Hydraulic connectivity from roots to branches depicted through sap flow: analysis on a Quercus suber tree

Cited by 20 publications

References 42 publications

Open field-applicable instrumental methods for structural and functional assessment of whole trees and stands

Open field-applicable instrumental methods for structural and functional assessment of whole trees and stands

Connecting the dots between computational tools to analyse soil-root water relations

Transpiration inQuercus subertrees under shallow water table conditions: the role of soil and groundwater

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