Hydraulic Conductivity of Vegetative Tissue

Murase, Haruhiko; Merva, George E.

doi:10.13031/2013.35118

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Cowan (1965) proposed the concept of a plant hydraulic resistance and said theoretically that its value per meter squared of land area should be about 5000d (0.4 x 109s = 0.4 • 107MPasm t because 1 MPa --102m). Cowan and Milthorpe (1971) Murase and Merva (1979) calculated that the hydraulic resistance of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tissue was 0.5 x 107MPasm ~. The values for hydraulic resistance for sorghum, therefore, fell within the range of values reported in the literature.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

Hydraulic resistance of two sorghums varying in drought resistance

Kirkham

1988

Plant Soil

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Genotypes of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] vary in drought resistance. Yet it is not known if their hydraulic resistances vary. The objective of this study was to determine if the hydraulic resistance of a drought-resistant sorghum was the same as that of a drought-sensitive sorghum. Leaf water and osmotic potentials were measured daily, during a 14-d period, in leaves of a drought-resistant ('KS9') and a drought-sensitive ('IA25') sorghum, which had the roots in pots with a commercial potting soil that was either well watered or allowed to dry. Soil water potential, adaxial stomatal resistance, and transpiration rate were determined daily. Hydraulic resistance of the plants was calculated from the slope of the line relating soil water potential minus leaf water potential versus transpiration rate. When the soil was not watered, the drought-sensitive sorghum had a water potential that averaged -0.50 MPa lower and an osmotic potential that averaged -0.57 MPa lower, but a similar adaxial stomatal resistance (1.19 s mm l ), compared with the drought-resistant sorghum. Seven days after the beginning of the experiment, the water potential of the soil with the drought-sensitive sorghum was -0.25 MPa lower than that of the soil with the drought-resistant sorghum. With the water-limited conditions, the drought-sensitive sorghum depleted the soil-water reserve more quickly and died 2 d before the drought-resistant sorghum. Under well watered conditions, the two sorghums had similar water potentials ( -1.64 MPa), osmotic potentials ( -2.83 MPa), and adaxial stomatal resistances (0.78smm t). The calculated hydraulic resistance of the two sorghums did not differ and averaged 3.4 x 107 MPa s m ~. The results suggested that the variation in susceptibility to drought between the two genotypes was due to differences in rate of soil-water extraction.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

Hydraulic resistance of two sorghums varying in drought resistance

Kirkham

1988

Plant Soil

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“…However, under certain conditions, specimens fail along a plane perpendicular to the force direction. This indicates that failure can be caused by either normal stress [ 21 ] or normal strain [ 22 , 23 ]. The normal critical strain hypothesis was confirmed by Chen and Sun [ 24 ], with the reservation that it is not valid over a wide range of strain rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Apple Flesh to Compression under the Quasi-Static and Impact Loading Conditions

Stropek

Gołacki

2022

Materials

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Compression tests of cylindrical samples were carried out using two ‘Rubin’ and ‘Red Jonaprince’ apple cultivars with flesh firmness differing in a statistically significant way. The tests were conducted under both the quasi-static and impact loading conditions, which required the use of two test stands. For this purpose, an impact measuring stand was designed and built. The tests proved that the firmness of the apple flesh influenced the mechanical response under both the quasi-static and impact loading conditions. The elasticity modulus had much higher values under the impact than quasi-static loading conditions. This indicates that the stiffness of the apple tissue was larger during the impact than at the low-speed compression. Different failure mechanisms of cylindrical apple flesh samples were found depending on the loading conditions. Under the quasi-static loading conditions, the apples of both cultivars were damaged at the same strain value. However, during the impact, apples were apt to damage at a constant stress value regardless of the firmness of the tested cultivar. The toughness of the apple tissue depended on firmness and was larger under the quasi-static loading conditions for the apples with larger firmness. However, under the impact loading conditions, the toughness was greater for the apples with smaller firmness.

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