Hydraulic Behavior of Karst Aquifers

Fiorillo, Francesco; Malík, Peter

doi:10.3390/w11081563

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The karstification of soluble rock can be considered the most important geological phenomenon influencing the hydraulic behavior of carbonate aquifers. The presence of different lithologies in the catchment area can highlight these hydraulic differences [62].…”

Section: Mrcs Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Circulation in Fractured and Karstic Aquifers of the Umbria-Marche Apennine

Tamburini

Menichetti

2020

Water

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The Umbria-Marche Apennine has a large number of springs that drain water stored in carbonate formations. Spring groundwater constitutes a crucial freshwater resource for many countries, regions, and cities around the world. This study aimed to understand the hydrological mechanisms behind groundwater circulation and their relationship to the structural and stratigraphic settings of specific aquifers. Recession analysis and time series analysis were applied to the daily discharge of six springs monitored over eight years. Both analyses indicated the presence of two types of aquifers: aquifer with unimodal behavior and aquifer with bimodal behavior. The first are characterized by two hydrodynamic sub-regimes, in which fracture networks control the baseflow and conduit networks control the quickflow. In contrast, other springs present only one hydrodynamic sub-regime related to fracture network drainage. Time series analysis confirms the results of recession analysis, showing a large memory effect and a large response time, implying the dominance of the baseflow sub-regime. These results indicate that the Maiolica Formation is characterized by a high degree of fracturation and slight karstification, which control infiltration and percolation, whereas the Calcare Massiccio Formation regulates groundwater circulation in the deeper zones of the aquifer, characterized by a high degree of karstification through moderately developed conduit networks.Water 2020, 12, 1039 2 of 21 linear baseflow recession. Kovács et al. [12] showed that the recession coefficient allows for obtaining important information about aquifer hydraulic parameters and conduit network characteristics. One main advantage of recession curve analysis is that a set of empirical, quantitative parameters attributed to drainage mechanisms can be calculated [15].Analysis of individual recession periods sometimes generates inconsistences related to the complexity of groundwater circulation and the processes acting on the system [16]. Therefore, a master recession curve (MRC) is commonly used for simultaneously analyzing a set of hydrograph recessions at a particular catchment [17][18][19][20][21][22].Malík and Vojtková [23] performed a recession curve analysis to evaluate the karstification degree and the hydrodynamic behavior of an aquifer. With given recession coefficients and initial discharge values, both runoff and partial runoff segments (sub-regimes) can be fully described. In karst hydrogeology, the term "sub-regime" refers to the changing conditions of a groundwater system, its characteristic behavior, or the controlling of natural processes, which usually occur in a regular pattern [24].Apart from recession analysis, univariate and bivariate analyses can also be performed on spring hydrographs. Valuable indirect information regarding karst systems can be obtained by performing a time series analysis [25]. Mangin [26] developed a specific methodology for studying the input-output relationships in karst aquifers, as well as for performing auto-correl...

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Section: Mrcs Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Circulation in Fractured and Karstic Aquifers of the Umbria-Marche Apennine

Tamburini

Menichetti

2020

Water

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“…Such natural conditions practically exclude a groundwater hydraulic modeling approach, especially on a regional scale, and simultaneous hydrological and hydrogeological analysis gives the best results for understanding the stream and its complex connections with the groundwater. Although in certain karst terrains hydraulic modeling is acceptable [29], for the Dinaric karst regional scale studies, it would be completely senseless. Calculation of the Dinaric karst aquifers hydraulic properties is acceptable only as a rough approximation [30], in subregional or local scale studies.…”

Section: Study Area: Geology Hydrogeology Hydrography and Geomorphmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Intermittent Karst River: The Case of the Čikola River (Dinaric Karst, Croatia)

Bonacci

Terzić

Roje-Bonacci

et al. 2019

Water

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Intermittent and ephemeral streams (IRES) are responsible for transporting about half of the water on Earth’s surface. Their hydrological behavior is different in various landscapes. IRES are found more often in karst terrains than in any other regions, as a consequence of strong and direct interaction between groundwater and surface water. This paper presents a hydrogeological and hydrological analysis of the intermittent Čikola River and Spring catchment, which is located in deeply karstified and developed parts of the Dinaric karst in Croatia. Hydrological calculations determined that the catchment area covers approximately 300 km2 and very probably changes in accordance with rapid variations in groundwater level. The karst spring of the Čikola River is a cave, extracted for a public water supply with four drilled extraction wells. The results of the interrelated hydrological and hydrogeological analysis show interesting phenomena from an intermittent karst spring (cave) and its catchment, flowing downstream through a karst polje with several smaller confluences, then entering a karst canyon (where the river sinks during certain periods), and ending in an estuary before contributing to the larger Krka River. The research presented was based on water balance calculations, climatic and hydrological time series analyses, spring pumping tests, and thorough hydrogeological interpretation.

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“…In comparison to more homogenous karst aquifer, higher degree of heterogeneity in karst hydraulical characteristics results in rapid changes of spring water quality (Fiorillo and Malik 2019). The mainly hydrochemical analyzes of karst groundwater used in the literature (as summarized in Table 1) including: adopting hydrogeochemical diagrams, e.g., Piper trilinear, Durov and Gibbs (Ghobadi et al 2018;Gao et al 2020;Davraz and Batur 2021;Hoaghia et al 2021); development of hydrochemical indices, e,g., chloro-alkaline and saturation index (Ndoye et al 2018;Hussien et al 2016;Hwang et al 2017Sako et al 2020; statistical methods, e.g., principle factor analysis, cross-correlation analysis, and principal component analysis (Ndoye et al 2018;Sako et al 2020;Vrouhakis et al 2021); and stable isotope analysis (Ghobadi et al 2018;Tang et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative and Qualitative Methods for the Characterization of Karst Springs (case study: Lorestan province, Zagros Mountain, Iran)

Geravand

Hosseini

Maghsoudi

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Karst groundwater resources in the Zagros Mountains are vital for supplying of different demands in the region which need to sustainable management and protection. Quantitative and qualitative characterization of karst aquifers in this region were understudied due to lack of site-specific logging-data and speleological investigations. In this study, a state-of-the-art of the statistical methods developed to characterize karst aquifer based on analyses of the spring recession hydrograph and spring water quality are presented. These methods including Manging’s method for classification of karst aquifers, relationships of precipitation and discharge data, groundwater quality index (GQI), hydrochemical diagrams (Piper, Durov and Gibbs), and Saturation index (SI), Chloro-Alkaline indices (CAI). 42 major karst springs mainly located in folded part of Zagros region (western Iran) are selected for application of the reviewed methods. Results indicated that the saturated zone exerts almost main control over the discharge of 76% of the studied springs. The base-flow contributes as between 80.0% to 100% of total water storage in the study aquifers. 78.5% of the studied aquifers have a high karstification degree. An insignificant lag-time is observed between the precipitation on the karst basin and spring discharge. The hydrochemical diagrams show that the waters are dominated by HCO3 and Ca and the majority of the waters are alkaline, with originate from silicate minerals weathering. Such repeatable methods adopted in this study can provide crucial information of the karst aquifers, especially those suffer scarcity of aquifer hydrodynamic data.

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Hydraulic Behavior of Karst Aquifers

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Groundwater Circulation in Fractured and Karstic Aquifers of the Umbria-Marche Apennine

Groundwater Circulation in Fractured and Karstic Aquifers of the Umbria-Marche Apennine

An Intermittent Karst River: The Case of the Čikola River (Dinaric Karst, Croatia)

Quantitative and Qualitative Methods for the Characterization of Karst Springs (case study: Lorestan province, Zagros Mountain, Iran)

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